Abdolhossein Nikgohar
Audio of the Entire Interview
Interview Transcript
Part01
My father was born in Astara, fortunately one of the chances of my life was that my father had attended six classes at the Hakim Nezami School in Astara.
The same year that Nima Yoshij was exiled and came to Astara for a year to live, he was my father’s teacher at Hakim Nezami High School.
And as for Nikgohar family name, my father, when he was in the third year of high school, and the section of the letter had just arrived, so that people could get ID cards
He chose a few poems from the textbook he had read from Shahnameh
And he went and took Nikgohar as our family name
Before that, because his older brothers had oil shops, they distributed oil in Astara
Oil coming from Baku to Astara and distributed between Talesh, Khalkhal and Ardabil, they were the distributors
They called themselves Johari, because the meaning of Johar was oil, because of oil their family was Johari
But with one choice, he chooses Nikgohar, which has also Johar in it
However, the difference between Gohar and Gowhar is that Gohar means essence and nature and Gowhar means stone and jewelry.
I have a very small age difference with my father, that is, my father was 18 years old when I was born, that is, my father was born in 1919 and I was born in 1937
That is, when I was born, my father worked as a writer in his uncle’s office because of his literacy, and my mother was his cousin.
I do not remember anything from my first and second year, but the first living memory I have is related to September 1941
We were in the village of Hawiq, in the house of my parents, my father’s uncle, which was a big house and in fact it was the best house in the area.
Early in the morning I saw that there was a fear, a panic, that is, the fishermen came from the sea without collecting their fishing nets
They reported that the Russian ship is anchored in the sea and the soldiers in the boats are heading towards Talesh.
There was a fear, of course, in that season of the year, in September 1941, after the harvest of rice, the people went to Agh-e-Uler because of the hot weather
The Village was almost empty (Hawiq village), my father was left because he was literate and a shopkeeper and a writer and he had to take care of the accounts and books
My father was the only literate person in the village who gathered the people, the few who were there
They took some food, hid some things and we went to the forest
I remember exactly these days, I was with my grandmother, my mother and my younger brother and a few others
The forest was also dense, with small things taken as food
We were there the first night, the second, the Russian planes were flying over the forest, that is, their voices were coming and they were throwing paper.
It was a dense forest, these papers did not come down, I remember that it was the second, third day that my father took one of these papers with a stick.
It was a self-conduct letter written by the Russians, in Persian, of course, which my father translated into Turkish for them
Come on, we have nothing to do with you, come home and your life
And so it was that my grandmother put her white scarf on a stick in front of this crowd and we moved and came out.
We came and I reached the side of the road, the Russian soldiers greeted Anna, Anna, mother, mother, and said come
We started to go to our house, they said no, this is the headquarters of the Russian officers and you can not go here
Our house was actually confiscated
I do not remember and I do not know where we went but I remember that we were there until next year or a few months later
We moved to Hashtpar, which had just been created
Because the center of Talesh at that time was Karganrood by the sea and it was a very prestigious port
But the war and the arrival of the Russians and the construction of an asphalt road from the port of Anzali to Astara for aid coming from the United States to the Russian front
Hashtpar gradually became a city for itself, meaning that it had become a large settlement and everyone came there, which is now the center of effort.
When we came to Rasht, my parents were separated
My grandmother was in charge of us
About my grandmother, I should say that as a woman of that period, two of her sons who were older than my father in 1929
In those days with capturing intellectual in Reza Shah’s time, they crossed the Astara Bridge and went to Russia because they were supporters of the Russian Revolution
They left before they were arrested and never returned
My grandmother always missed her sons Gholamreza and Mohammad Hussein, my father’s name was Musa
My grandmother always cried for them
After the revolution, when the roads were opened, my father got a passport and went to Russia to find their grave
Because they served in the Soviet Army during World War II
And he had gone and found one of them. He had gone to Georgia to find the second one, where he had a stroke and my father died in Georgia in 1996
The two brothers had left and he who came to Rasht will always be remembered
And at the first opportunity he found, he went to them and well then he was seventy-seven, eight years old
Our life was very limited, my father had a shop in Hashtpar
I remember my grandmother actually doing everything
And we produced almost everything ourselves, that is, we planted vegetables and fruits in our garden and everything else
And we also had a dairy cow that supplied my brother and I with milk, milk and yogurt, and actually our family butter and milk
My father, who occasionally went to Rasht for work, would bring a large package of biscuits from the Eastern Confectionery, which we then called Pichanik
Pichanik were biscuits made by confectioners in the east of Rasht, which were hung with a bag
And every day they would put it or the rice left over from the night, it would be tested next to the tripod and they would pour it into the milk
This was our cornflakes that we ate then, this was our food
I remember when there was war and for example there was not sugar, eating tea with raisins was common at that time
When I reached the age of six, that is, the school age, my father emigrated to Rasht in order to get a good school
He sold the cow and calf I mentioned for 18 tomans, then he came back to the street that used to be Mohammad Reza Shah and now it is Shariati
He bought a shop with a thousand tomans of goodwill owned by Abrishami, who was the father-in-law of Mr. Nahavandi, the president of the university, and then I went
He got a shop there and started a business. I was also registered at Sadr School in Rasht
It was an endowed school, and his owner had said that a female teacher should not come to this school
And it was the only school in Rasht that did not have a female teacher in the primary school, all their teachers were male
I studied there for 6 years, one of my best classmates was Dr. Kamel Shadpour
He died two or three years ago and was one of the deputies of the Ministry of Health
Later, he and Dr. Pilehroudi were designers and architects of rural health houses in the city
For a long time, he was the head of the Health Corps, and later he was the deputy or director general of the Ministry of Health
But his main task was to establish the country’s rural health networks, for which he and Pilehroodi really worked hard
I studied elementary school and I was not a bad student, that is, I did not have a grade or a renewal
And Dr. Shadpour, in fact, was always the best and the first student, and I was the second or third
Until our elementary school was over and it was the days of oil nationalization and the Tudeh Party had much influence in Rasht
They would hol a magnificent demonstration, and I loved it
Especially at the end, when these pigeons were released, it was great for us and it was one of those things.
Well, we were in the demonstrations like other children, even for example, we took the branch of the oil company that was BP firs
We did not know and we were told that B meant British and P meant Person, we no longer knew that BP was in fact British petroleum
Then we took it and lowered its flag, I was in the same demonstration
Until it was time to register for high school, I enrolled at Nourbakhsh High School in Rasht
And I chose French as my foreign language, because of how we felt about England
That is the annoyance, the boredom and what we have had since the oil nationalization struggle
I chose French, which of course I do not regret
However, we did not have good teachers in the first years, our best French teacher in this high school was Abdullah Tavakol
Abdullah Tavakol was our secretary for a year, I have a good memory of him
He had a good friendship with the gentleman who was in Soroush Publishing House and published the collection of works of culture, and they were fellow citizens
He would come to class without books, our books were ministry books and the French book was in front of us
وAnd he read French very easily from behind and upside down
That is, we could not read it but he read and taught French books from this side
He later came and became the director general of higher education at the Ministry of Culture
The year I was a first-class student in Tabriz and I was going to go to France
It was in the courtyard of the Ministry of Education on Ekbatan Street, there was a separate building where the director general was in international relations
Anyway, I have a good memory of that high school, of course, to say that it happened in the middle of the incident on August 19th (28th of Mordad)
Although I was not more than 14 or 15 years old and I was in the third year of high school, but in fact I was one year behind because of the 28th of Mordad
That is, when the 28th of Mordad ended, we had a teacher who was very royal.
All these poisons that the children had poured on him before 28 August, return to us
And all of us, this group of students, were given a negative grade, which means we were renewed
And we had to repeat a year because of that teacher
Anyway, I went to the 11th grade and because my father saw that the school was not suitable for the background I have
The sixth year, he brought me to Tehran at Marvi High School in Naser Khosrow and the sixth year of high school I studied there
I also have very good memories of the professors there, for example, our literature professor was Dr. Freivar and Mr. Sadat Naseri
We had Dr. Afshar, who was a very sweet man and taught French
We had very good teachers, Marvi was basically one of the good high schools
Of course, when I came to Tehran in 1956, the capacity of almost all high schools was full
Here, in fact, with my father’s relations, where one of his classmates was a teacher there
Dr. Farivar, who published medical books in front of the University of Tehran
He also wrote articles for a newspaper and was a professor of literature at that college
They registered me at Marvi school, otherwise Marvi would not have a place in reality
Of all my contemporaries there, I can say Mr. Baqer Parham, Baqer Parham was two years ahead of me
Who had studied philosophy, only a few years ago in 1989, when the Sociological Association held a referendum on the faculty members of universities
To select the best translator, two were selected in French and two in English
Baqer Parham and I were selected in French
There was no one else from that period, Shadpour had gone to Shapur High School, Dr. Shadpour, whom I said was my classmate in Rasht
The man who actually became famous later and really served this country was Dr. Shadpour
He went to Shapur School because of his English, which he was always the first student
Later, he became a doctor and came to serve in the Ministry of Health
I do not remember anyone else because I came to Tehran in the sixth grade of high school
From then on, my classmates were …………. who was a gymnastics champion and the son of a Sangaki bakery
Who was killed in a car accident, and it was Mr. Mardkar who died in Canada two years ago
He was also a professor of philosophy and a parallel champion in gymnastics
It was our childhood world, we did not think that it would have this much trick in its sleeve
I can actually say that I should be relatively satisfied with my life
I mean, I’m satisfied because I got a chance, I always compare myself to young people of the same age and year of that period
Well, how many young people had the opportunity to have a father with all the financial constraints
But as a cultural and educational supporter of their children, my father was very interested in my education
And I was happy because I was always a good student
So I got first place at university and that was the biggest gift I could give my dad during his lifetime
And then, if I had not won that first place, I might have had a different fate
Because with the government scholarship I went to France for higher education.
Part02
As for the 28th of Mordad, let’s start on the 26th of Mordad, which was a very big demonstration in Rasht
And the people gathered in the Shahrdari Square and the statue of the Shah was taken to Tabriz by a truck
They brought it, tied it with chains and ropes, and then tied the shakles around the Shah’s neck and the truck on the way to Mohammad Reza Shah Street
Which went to Zarjoub bridge and then went to Bandar Anzali, drew and this statue fell
The statue fell and the king’s head broke and the head of the statue was mutilated
I remember that the hat was a statue, one immediately took the hat and I heard that he sold it for 37 Tomans and this news spread everywhere that day
Then he pulled the statue by truck and threw it over the Zarjoub Bridge into the river, which is usually muddy that time of the year
It was the 26th of Mordad with all this commotion and uproar and blood in our veins, Mossadegh is our leader and things like tha
And on August 19th, in the morning, my father had just returned from Mashhad, that is, he had participated in that referendum in Tehran on the 26th
And then he came to Rasht and we saw a group of thugs or gangsters started to fight with the soldiers
These were the centers where mass intellectuals gathered, such as Golestan Cafe, Iran Hotel
Especially the Iran Hotel and the Gol Sorkh Cafe, which were the hangouts of mass intellectual secretaries
They ransacked here, one took its samovar, they took food pots
And so it was, that’s all you saw
It was late at night and they went to the houses, looking for the ones they had named
During this period, two of my classmates who were studying together were unreasonable, that is, because they had found the book Nahj al-Balaghah in their house
They did not find me, but they took the two and detained them for a while, and then released them as teenagers
I mean, we also lived with stress during the time wether they’d come for us or not, that is, everyone was like that
There were books and newspapers that my father had. My father was originally a businessman, but he was a very intellectual and book-loving businessman
He had a bookshelf in his room, from translations of Lamartine and Victor Hugo to the works of Jamalzadeh and Hejazi
He wrote a bill that the bachelors could not write
He wrote articles in newspapers, wrote poetry, and was a poet himself
We’d call his shop a rendezvous, which was a place for rice brokers and dealers
They drank tea for free and read newspapers for free because my father bought 4 or 5 newspapers a day
Every morning, from the Tudeh newspaper to the National Front newspaper, he regularly bought 4 or 5 magazines a week
Although he had literacy of six classes, he regularly bought books and was a bookworm
His political orientation was left-leaning, but at the same time he was national, that is, he was also a Mossadegh fan
For example, when Mossadegh announced th bonds, he was a pioneer
He had bought more than our family budget to help the government
Or that year he bought us clothes from Mossadeghi fabric, which was a fabric that was woven in Isfahan
It was coarsely woven like a sack and in green and blue and we wore it while my clothes used to be English Fastoni
In other words, he was also a nationalist and an intellectual who was not religious at all
When I was a student, he used to write letters to me and I would answer
A quartet, he wrote a couplet of his poems for me that I will always remember and repeat
It is written in Turkish and its translation is as follows
You tried so hard to be called the lion of Sharza, Aslan or Terlan, the sharp eagle, you have to try harder than this, my dear, to be called human, only human
It was a translation of his poem that I have always made clear that being human is very easy and impossible
Well, I had the first crisis of my life, that is, I had a kind of deep regret, I was not myself for a long time
Although he was 15 or 16 years old, well, I was a reader, that is, at that time because my father brought a lot of newspapers and books
I read both newspapers and magazines and footnotes, for example, I read les Miserables in that period, 14, 15 years old
Important books that young people should read, which unfortunately they do not read now, I read at the age of 14, 15
Like the Wandering Jewish Book, Like the Pardians, Like Treasure Island, The Count of Monte Cristo, I read all of that at the time
I mean, in the eighth to eleventh grade, I read maybe more than 40,000 to 50,000 pages of books
But I remember that period when a footnote of les Miserables came with one of these magazines
And I was going in front of the glass garage in Rasht, there was a newspaper kiosk, I was standing and the student brought the closed package of the magazine to deliver the kiosk
I would first pick up the magazine and its footnote, give the magazine to my father, and pick up the footnote of les Miserables myself
And now that I am reading the new translation of les Miserables from Mr. Mohammad Reza Parsayar
I wonder how I read this at the time, of course it was a good translation by Husainqali Mustaan
Cosette and books like this were all our favorite stories
Well, we lived with those stories, the wandering Jews and the Sans Famille were the books of that time
Nowadays, our youth are far from literature in spite of the Internet
The first article I wrote in high school in the eleventh grade was about the French Revolution
I separated the jacobs then, left and right, then I understood why it was left, why it was right
That is to say, this historical separation of left and right has been going on since the time of the parliament and the sitting of the representatives in the parliament
And now it has so much history and we still can not get rid of it, while it was not really left and right before that
I mean, our cognition was formed as a teenager
Later in the university, our path was firm, that is, national interests were superior to personal interests, I always thought so
If a so-called Caesarea caught fire in the country, I would burn a handkerchief
And I should not shout so much for my handkerchief while the country is on fire
Basically, intellectuals are like that, but then they get some kind of regret or frustration
Then I got my diploma from Marvi High School and put my foot in a shoe that I have to go to Germany to study philosophy
It was very cheap then, meaning that two of my friends had gone to Germany
The same Mr. Seifi who was arrested on 28 August, his father was a businessman and he was sent to Germany
And they were studying in Germany for 250, 300 tomans, and my father had the financial means to give me so much money
When I got my diploma, I went to university in 1336, to say goodbye to Dr. Shadpour, who was a medical student in Tabriz
Because he was my close friend, I went there and stayed in his house
Dr. Shadpour told me that Abdolhossein Tabriz University has announced the entrance exam and its registration has not been completed yet
He insisted and registered me, I said I wanted to go to Germany and I came to say goodbye
He said no, come and try it here first, I went and took the test
That is, two days after registering, it was an exam on Friday, we went and sat down and took the entrance exam
One week later, they telegraphed to my father that Abdolhossein Nikgohar had been accepted as the 11th among 50 people in the field of philosophy
My father said, “Well, now that you have been accepted for a bachelor’s degree,” he said, “Go and get your bachelor’s degree here first.”
Now why philosophy?
I liked it from the beginning, since high school, I had studied literature well and I was also interested in philosophy
Basically, I wanted to go to Germany to study philosophy, I wanted to go to Germany to study philosophy
Because in high school, I was fascinated by a few philosophers, especially Spinoza
Especially during my philosophy period, this kindness increased a lot. One of my life patterns was probably Spinoza’s life
Then I studied philosophy and became the first student, that is, I translated my first book, Metaphysics, during my student years
In 1338, I extracted a chapter from France and from the book of Felicine Chalet, called Metaphysics, and published it
Now, because in that period, Franklin Publishing opened a branch in Tabriz
Dr. Sarkarati was the head of the branch, he had inquired and seen that I was on the list as a first-class student
In short, he called and invited me to work with them
I was a sample reader of that institute, I went there three days a week and this acquaintance with the printing house and the book started from here
And they gave me 250 tomans for three days in the afternoon, which was equal to the tuition that my father sent me
Because 500 tomans was a lot of money in the years 36, 37, that is, our professors did not get anything more than this, their salaries were 600, 700 tomans
And of course I used to spend most of that money for books, so I studied and became a first-class student there for three years
My classmates were Dr. Bahman Sarkarati and Ms. Jaleh Amouzegar, meaning that we were studying in the same college at the same time and we were the same age
Jaleh Amouzegar whom God bless with more life, is alive. Bahman Sarkarati died a few years ago
We were all three first students of the Faculty of Literature in 1960
The dispatch law was passed by the parliament in 1956 and was approved in 60, ie it took two terms of the parliament to pass this law because the life of each parliament was two years
In the summer of that year, I was in Tehran when my father reported from Tabriz that you had become a first-class student
d on the second day of September, introduce yourself to the girls’ high school, gather where they want to take you to the king
In short, we got dressed and went to the girls’ high school on the second day of September
Dr. Fatemi was the founder of the Girls’ High School, and the Deputy Minister of Education was not yet the Minister of Science
We gathered in the courtyard of the girls’ high school, the students who had graduated from the year 1956 were subject to this law with the first rank
That is, because the law of 1956 had gone to parliament, it included them as well
There were about 200 of us, they took us by bus to Saadabad Palace, on September 23, 1960
Then we were taken to a large hall where contracts were usually signed at Saadabad Palace
We stood in the hall on horseback and in a semicircle, 35, 36, 27, 38 and 39 respectively, our last year
The king came with all his courtiers and shook hands with one of the students
We were told that he asks what you study and what you want to study, there were two questions
I studied philosophy and I want to study sociology, he shook hands with everyone and came and stood in the middle and said send them
The 2nd of Shahrivar 60 passed and I was sitting in the Sorbonne on November 13th and studying
I was exempted from my duty system, I was accepted, I got a passport
I had paid for my education for three months and in 60 I went to Paris and started studying for a doctorate in philosophy
At that time, it was not yet a master’s degree, that is, it just wanted to be approved, and it was not yet mandatory
In France, philosophy and other disciplines were introduced into sociology
In particular, Dr. Sarukhani and Dr. Tavassoli were the first French language graduates
When they came there and studied sociology, we were from the same yea
In those years, sociology had a reputation all over the world and was a new discipline
And a lot of people volunteered in this field, it was really exciting
After World War II, the world actually had a freshness until the 1980s, that is, until the 1980s
That period was a period when life was much easier, and after that, this globalization and all that started
Once again, we have entered a cycle of civilizational and cultural crisis that is still ongoing
I went to sociology, where one of our professors was George Gurovich, who was very famous and came from Russia
There he became French and was the director of the sociology group
I worked with ………. during that period, I worked with some very important sociology professors
Raymond Aron was our first teacher, that is, Gurovich was the head of the group, but we had the most influence during our student period
Aron put it on me because he was the best teacher, we really went to his classes with enthusiasm
The classrooms were large amphitheaters that were free, when Aron came, for example, some of the French bourgeoisie
Employees were sent to sit in the amphitheater
When Aron came, they would come out and this lady or gentleman would come and sit in the class just like the rest of the students
Aron would come and give a hundred pages of edited, specific and specific lessons in front of him and he would teach with complete eloquence
He actually taught us this sociology lesson before it became a book
And I qualified for my doctorate as a professor who had to be chosen by the dean of the faculty in addition to the members of the jury
To a professor you had to give the qualification to defend the thesis, Head of the university chose Aron for me at 1963
And half an hour, forty minutes Aaron interviewed me and signed that I could go and defend my thesis
I mean, I have the qualification of my doctorate with Aron’s signature, with a score of 18.5
Years later in 1984, 1985, and after Aaron’s death, when I was translating his memoirs
I said that Aron had given me a grade on this day, not on that day, and that had become a kind of flexibility for me to judge the work of students
That always with foresight, with foresight, without shaving, without, for example, wanting to harass a student
I will always pass and let this test pass this test, do not stop, that later it will find itself
And that was a lesson for me, Aron’s manner in my life
Of course, I translated his memoirs and 5,000 copies were published
I learned the basics of sociology from Gurovich, which was Total social phenomenon
I did not know this concept of Total social phenomenon at the time, but later I realized that Gurovich himself had said in his book
It was borrowed from Marcel Mauss, meaning that the word was coined by Marcel Mauss
Durkheim’s nephew, the great anthropologist and anthropologist that Durkheim had developed and developed
In the first book that I translated into Persian, this is the discussion of the book of Gurovitch, Aron and some other French sociologists, entitled “The Sociological Problems of Today”, which was published in Mashhad
This was Gurovitch’s influence on me, we learned dialectics from Gurovitch, that is, the importance of dialectics in sociological interpretations
We learned from Gurovich the problem of the relativity of time and the difference between social time and physical time
And these were the basic things in our thinking, the pillars that guided our thinking
From then on, our view of time was different, that is, we realized that time of war is different from time of peace
The time of industry is other than the time of agriculture, the time of disease is other than the time of health and wellness
We learned this quality of times from Gurovitch and that society is as complex as onion shells
Which starts from together and from matter and body, you see its physical and material aspect from the outside
And then layer by layer organizations and beliefs and values and myths are added to this collection
That is to say, all of these together become a complete social phenomenon, all of which must be considered together
And you see the reflection of everyone in each, you look at a building, you see the myth
You see the values, you see all those things that are not material
These are the lessons we learned from Gurovitch
What did you learn from Aron?
From Aron we learned to be liberal, to be free
Aron knew Marx best of all, even more so of the left
The leftists themselves believed in him, but because the left, and especially the existentialists like Sartre, were very dominant and popular
You always hear the so-called misguided, that is, oppressed in fact
Today, 30 years later, the world knows that Aron was right
Aron defended freedom, telling Sartre that you saw Stalin’s crimes, how do you go about your business and listen to him?
اYou do not take notes from the schools of Fidel Castro and Che Guevara and do not disclose, when you went and saw the situation in Russia
Aron was a very honest man, and the intellectual world was right about Aron versus Sartre
Aron has in his memoirs a sentence that during the Algerian War of Independence French students either wanted to go to the battlefield or did not want to go
Those who did not want to go to the front would go and consult with Sartre whether to go to the front
Because they knew that Sartre was telling them not to go, which means that we first choose the outcome of the consultation ourselves and then go to the person in question for consultation
But in his memoirs, Aron remembers Sartre well, admires the intelligence and eloquence of his words
But it also exposes the fact that young people were into communism
I had other professors, like Levy Bruhl, because in the second term, me thesis was about participation
I do not remember Henry Levy-Bruhl or Lucien Levy-Bruhl once on the advice of Studzel and his order with Levy Bruhl
He was one of those who worked on the partnership, I had a meeting with him that I will never forget
This educated man, retired Sorbonne professor and member of the academy, this meeting was a great opportunity for a young man
Let me tell you that I was a student for two years in Paris, once as a first-class student from 1960 to 1964
Once, as an assistant professor at the University of Tehran, from 1971 to the beginning of 1975, I received my second doctorate by government scholarship
First a university doctorate and then a government doctorate, two courses, that is, 9 years, I was a student in Paris and I was in contact with many professors
Let me tell you that the first period I went to was the period of Fidel Castro’s victory
All of Paris was under Fidel’s control, saying Fidel in front of the university
And it was there that one of my leftist teachers in Rasht, who was studying for a doctorate in literature in Paris, saw me
And he said, “What are you doing, Nikgohar?” After 28 August, he came from Isfahan to Rasht and was our teacher
When I first arrived in Paris in 1960, he saw me, who guided me and showed me the restaurants
Yes, he was on the left and active, in front of the Sorbonne was all about Fidel
The second time I went to Paris, Allende had fallen and Pinochet was in office
This time all the Latin American intellectuals, especially Chile, were in Paris
I wrote the first period under the influence of the Chicago School and the subject of children and juvenile delinquency, which was a hot topic in those days
And in the second period, I worked on the participation of the villagers in traditional environments, where the villages around Yazd were the place of my field research
I was more influenced by Parsons’ theories than by French sociologists
At that time I was familiar with Parsons’ theories and my theoretical framework was mostly Parsons for my field studies on participation
I submitted a very respectable thesis with a very high rating, and when I got the thesis score, they said we would have given you a higher score if there was one
One of the members of the jury for my thesis was Dr. Jamshid Behnam from Iran
I mean, I was told that you could choose a professor for the jury
Knowing Dr. Behnam’s interest in Paris, I chose him. At that time, he was Mr. Nahavandi’s deputy and the head of the Faculty of Social Sciences
Of course not, he was not the president there then, and Mr. Nezami was the president, and he was their vice president, and he was the president of the University of the Arts
Dr. Jamshid Behnam came to Paris, came to the Sorbonne from Orly Airport and sat in the Jouliar Hall
My meeting also lasted from 2 to 6 and 7 in the afternoon, he also attended that party and reception and then he went to the airport and back to Tehran, this was my memory of defending my thesis
There were three doctorates at the time we were studying, now there is only one
University doctoral thesis, usually for international students
The thesis was ……… which was usually taken by the French themselves, but also by foreigners who had a good language or French was their mother tongue
Because you had to have a few degrees at the end of the course and take an exam later, and the third doctorate was a government doctorate
The government doctorate was for those who wanted to pursue a university career, that is, entering higher education
Well, it was very impressive, that is, it was prestigious, all the great characters of that time wanted to have a government doctorate from Paris
And well, since I had my first doctorate and I was an assistant professor at the university, it was easy for me to enter this field and get to the next level
And they looked at me as a colleague rather than a student, and at that time, that is, in the year 71, about 34, 35 years old
Well, I went back to my first teacher, who was Studzer, and this time it was much easier for me to attend seminars and register my thesis
And the institute, headed by Alan Thorne, was an institution for urban economy development and planning
I also took an urban planning course there, which was considered a master’s degree
I got a doctorate in government in France, four years without a break, that is, only one week of compulsory leave
That was when the library of the House of Humanities, which was for doctors, was on Aron and Bourdieu’s office on Raspile Boulevard and upstairs.
And the great professors of sociology had rooms there, and one floor was dedicated to the library of doctoral sociologists and doctoral students
I worked at the National Library for the first few months, and I did what I had to do there, and I brought all my work to the library of the House of Humanities
And I worked there all the time until the end of the semester, I was in my last year when they said the library was going to be closed for a week
They closed it because the beetle was seen there and it had to be painted
But they did not take the table I had and my books on it to the warehouse and put a plastic on it
The desk was two-sided and I was sitting on one side and another student was sitting on the other side and usually the other side of my desk was empty
One week in the last year of my studies, which was in 1974, this library was closed in the spring, and I gave myself leave for all these four year
At that time, we went to Spain by car with Dr. Sirus Sahami and Dr. Reza Ardakani, President of the Academy of Sciences and Professor of Philosophy
That week I went with my family and him and with my car to Madrid and Barcelona and a few other cities
And after a week we went back to Barcelona and then Paris and the library opened again
I was the first to enter at 9 am when the library opened, and the last person to leave the library at 6 am when it closed
My books were there too, and I became friends with everyone in the library, from the librarian to the rest of the members
And we were part of a family that all of them participated in defending my thesis
And at that time, I was very helpful to my former students who came from Iran for their doctorates
Because the library was for doctoral studies and was not usually allowed for postgraduate study
But for my sake they let me and they came there and used the resources, we had an open library and one that was a repository
I defended that it was over, and at the end of that session, Allen Gereer, the vice chancellor of the Sorbonne School of Literature
He was also a friend of Studzer and they shared a book on the sociology of the family
He was also my thesis advisor and I had referred to them several times and they had a book about the evolution of the family in France and they had written it with Studzer
He suggested to me that Mr. Nikooghar, if you wish, you can continue your work at the Sorbonne
I mean, start working as an assistant tomorrow and I said no, I am an assistant professor at the University of Tehran
The students are still waiting for me there and I have to go back
Because I had gone with the government scholarship, that is, the scholarship that did not exist, the university would transfer our salary, which was the same as 2,500 tomans, to the account of the National Bank
The National Bank also paid to the National Bank of Paris, and in 4 years we paid 2500 Tomans, which at that time was the salary of an assistant professor
I lived in Paris with my family and my three children
I have a good memory of Ehsan Naraghi from this period that I would like to share with you
I was in my final year and my draft was ready. Ihad receive several bills for 6000 Francs
Because I did not have the opportunity to publish the book, if I stayed, I could print the book
But because I wanted to return to Iran soon, I wanted to type the same 10 or 12 copies that were scheduled and give them for my dissertation and defense and return to Iran
This time coincided with the general strike of the French Post
My salary was coming to Bank Melli now in any way, because there was no internet and I had to come by mail
But because it was a strike post, the money did not come to the Lyon credit bank I had an account with
I had a three-month Leone credit bank where I had an account without depositing money into my accoun
He paid me the same 2,000 francs that I went and got every month
This foreign bank, they checked my account and because this money was poured into my account for 4 years
And because the post office is on strike and I need this money now, because without it I could not rent a house at all
Leone credit bank credited me for 2,000 francs
In the meantime, Naraghi called me one day, he was at UNESCO at the time and he was the Secretary General of the Youth Administration
Who was selected by UNESCO and was not Iran’s representative in UNESCO and was hired by UNESCO
In that council, I was invited to give a consultation on the issue of youth
To ask my opinion and ask about my time
Well, at the end of our conversation, he invited me to lunch on the seventh floor of UNESCO
Two or three times Naraghi invited me there and we had lunch together and once at his house
At lunch he asked me what was your job, I said I had written my thesis
And because of the postal strike I can not provide 6,000 francs and let them write my thesis
He took out his check note, wrote a check for 6,000 francs for me right behind the lunch table
And I came to the institution the same day and handed over my check and work to be published
Two or three weeks later, the post-strike went on, and suddenly the money that had come and remained in the National Bank of Paris was transferred to Credit Lyonnais’ account
Our accounts were in foreign currency, and well, I immediately returned a check for 6,000 francs in foreign currency to Dr. Naraghi
But in the meantime, his chivalry made my work move forward and I defended my thesis in February 1974
And on the day of my birth, I defended the thesis and I returned to Iran on the 28th of Bahman
My wife and I got married very traditionally, meaning that both our neighbors and our fathers worked together and were the same age
I was in the ninth grade of high school after August 19th, and he was in the second grade of elementary school
One day, her mother took her hand and told me to work with her daughter on mathematics and literature
She was a very smart student but her mother wanted her to get much better
We were friends and family, and shw was my brothers’ playmate
Well, she used to come and go for a while and we knew each other until I was in Tabriz
My father-in-law, who was a big rice trader in Rasht, had a representative in Tabriz through whom they’d paid for my education
In fact, my father paid for it and he referred it to Tabriz, this way we had an acquaintance like this
nd every time I came to Rasht in the summers, I went to his father’s shop more than to my father’s
Until I became a first-rate student and was sent to Paris
When I was sent, there was a good family acquaintance between us until I returned in 1962 to continue my doctoral studies
My father was also very found of her and was afraid that one day I would do something else in France
He postponed the wedding ceremony and did not allow it to be after the doctoral course and the same doctoral student course
I married her, a seventeen-year-old high school student, and we went to France together
We went to France and she went to the French Alliance and then she got pregnant with my daughter and she could not continue
Our daughter Mersedeh was born in France in June 1964 and we are together now for 58 years
Young people should learn now, I always advise young people to open your eyes well before marriage so that you can close them a little after marriage
Well, my wife was patient and tolerant, well, we could spend a lot of opportunities together, for example, traveling, but we were deprived of them
After I was cleared from university until recently, I went to Canada three times during this time to see my children.
Once around the year 1991, when the Higher Institute for Social Security Research was newly established
And I was getting a 60,000 toman fee there and I had saved these
And with a lot of effort, even though the dollar cost no more than 400, 500 tomans, we were able to raise $ 2,000 and buy a ticket and go see our children
It really cost me a lot of money, that is, $ 2,000 a semester
We went to see the children, that is, we had the same two trips during this period, and one trip recently
We did not have any other trip, not, for example, a trip to Kish or Turkey or anywhere else
All the time, summer and winter, I worked four seasons, and until recently, from the 1991 to the 2011
In the twenty years since I retired, I have always worked in two or three institutions
There were research institutes, for example, the Higher Institute for Social Security Research
I have a very detailed article about the French social security system in their magazine
And we studied the relationships of doctors and the insured and workers and the like
We worked at the polling institute on parliamentary and presidential election polls
And at Niroo Research Institute, I worked on creating a cultural platform for the consumption of energy-saving lamps, the four volumes of which are reported on their website
And it is the source of many foreign countries and they refer to our research
I mean, I worked hard and my wife was expecting it, and as soon as she saw that our lives were up, she was satisfied
Fortunately, my children were also successful. My eldest daughter moved to Canada after she got married in 1984
And when she became pregnant and gave birth to two children in a row, she did not study
After his son went to school, he went to college and was hired by Air Canada during his college years
That is, his college project was on the website, and from there they had seen the project and sent him an invitation
And since that day, he has been a senior employee of Air Canada for about 19 years
My son-in-law also left Iran with a diploma and studied aerospace engineering at McGill University
He now works as an aerospace engineer for Bombardier Airbus Canada
After graduating in Canada, they studied with the Canadian Government Scholarship
I sent my second daughter to France after 1985, which also has a story
I wrote a letter to Studzer, who was my teacher, and she sent me an invitation
She wrote a letter and invited me and said that I would accommodate this girl in my house and the French ambassador at the consulate gave her a visa and left
And after he went to Canada himself, she first studied in France for 3 years and then went to Canada
There she studied nutrition on a Canadian government scholarship, then a business management course, and again received a master’s degree with a Canadian government scholarship
Then she got married about 10, 12 years ago and went to the United States, where she took a specialized course in nutrition
She now works in a diabetic ward in a clinic and a hospital, has a full-time job and is very serious about her job
I have three children, my son is here and she is the CEO of a very large and multinational company
Which, of course, is an Iranian company, but most of its shares are for foreigners, and she is its CEO at the age of 50
In other words, fortunately, my children were successful in this regard, and we live on my pension and my translation fees
You asked me about hard work, I said all this and wrote several times because my students also asked me on Facebook
I said that what I did was out of duty, that is, I really felt a kind of debt to the youth and the students
I thought that I always had a debt that I should pay to its owner, who is young and students, especially sociology students
And I did it with that in mind, if you look at my list of books
I have books in both the theoretical and practical parts to make up for the shortcomings
Part03
When I came to Iran in 1964, we rented a house in Baghsaba neighborhood, it was an apartment
Then they had a plan in a institute that the first census of Iran was carried out in 1956 and the raw materials were available
A professor of geography named Dr. Badiee had a plan to prepare ID cards of Iranian villages based on censuses
It was an analytical project, and the institute started with that
I entered that plan, there the doctors’ fee was 6 Tomans per hour, the master’s degree was 5 Tomans and the bachelor’s degree was 3 Tomans
Based on those census findings, we prepared the identification cards of the villages in the form of receipts
Of course, there was no computer at the time, and we had to make plugs like the IBM plugs that were pinned and already existed
I was in that plan until I went to the Health Corps and I was paid 1,200 tomans a month for the total number of hours I worked there
That we lived with the same amount and I had bought a 200-meter apartment for 250 tomans
On Shariati Street, a toll station that is not far from my place of work
And I was there until I went to the Health Corps, to the Health Corps that I went to, where they did not pay salaries and the family paid our expenses
In the meantime, with the help of my father-in-law and my father, we bought a house in Bagh-e Saba
And when I was in the Health Corps, my family was living in my own house
After I finished my military service, I was assigned to Tabriz and I was the manager of Tabriz base during that time
There are so many services we have done and I do not want to say all of them
For example, one of the things I remember in the village of Abshahmad near the Moghan plain
In a village where there were no toilets at all, men and women had to go out of the desert everywhere and women only had to go out at night to defecate
We built several toilets for these villages there
Or, for example, they did not have water, we used to collect spring water barrels at night so that they could build bricks and build walls
And for these, we built three public toilets that everyone can use
And in one year, the number of infectious diseases decreased by 80% with the same three toilets that we built for them
Because one of Behnam Dr. Nabiri’s friends was a doctor there and he had taken statistics and then they sent him to the health center and they also checked these
That is, the public health work we did there was so effective
Anyway, I did my service and it was over, it was very good there too and I came and then I went to Mashhad
I was in Mashhad for thirty months and I was teaching
After the Health Corps, I said that I came to Tehran for three months and through the Ministry of Education, Higher Education, I was hired for Mashhad in 1966
On July 4, 1965, I was appointed as a lecturer in sociology at the University of Mashhad
I introduced myself on July 20, and two months later Shariati joined us
He also came to the history department of Mashhad University as an assistant professor
At that time, because there was no sociology department, I became a member of the faculty of the history department, and Dr. Shariati also came there
Did he study sociology?
I do not really know whether he studied sociology or not. Of course, he was interested in sociology, but he did not have a regular education
That is, he had more extracurricular activities than university, but well, he finally had a thesis in France
I was not there then because I came to Iran earlier and he came after me, when I came to Iran and went to the Health Corps, he was still in Paris
The first student confederation was formed, and I was there
A delegation also came from Britain, the same delegation that later took part in the assassination of the Shah
Who were later pardoned and later executed during the revolution, I do not remember their names now
That group was among those who formed this confederation in Paris
I remember that in the sixth neighborhood or near the subway, there was a hall
I saw Shariati there for the first time, before Mashhad, who was a good speaker, the others also spoke
I remember that much and we did not have a special trip and our acquaintance was so much in the first period
Later in the University of Mashhad, which is good
We met and in 1970 I wanted to go to Paris
There was a culture congress in Mashhad, in which all those who had given articles participated
I also gave an article, I went and while attending this culture congress which was held at Mashhad University of Literature
I said farewell to my former colleagues, who at the same time Shariati organized a party in his house for me and gathered other professors
This was my meeting with him, until I returned later in Nowruz 75 and was in Mashhad
He had been released from prison and had come to his father’s house. I saw him again for the last time at Farvardin the second
We went from Mashhad with Dr. Sahabi, Dr. Mokhtari, Dr. Zomordian to his father’s house for Eid
And the last time I saw Dr. Shariati there, he had been released the night before prison and he was talking about prison memories
One of his recollections was that the person being interrogated was a brigadier general
The head of the book “Hey, this is it, brother”, he had brought this book and asked him questions
Saying “no, these calculations that you made for the pyramids and these stones are not true”
Dr. Shariati used to say that sir, then my crime is mathematics, not politics, let me go
That was the sentence I heard from Dr. Shariati there
He was in prison between 1971, when I went to Paris, and until 1975, when I returned.
Dr. Shariati was very upset with me that I did not go to visit him during his imprisonment
There, Dr. Sahabi pointed out that Dr. Nikgohar was not in Iran all this time
That is, I had gone in 1971 and returned in 1975, and then Dr. Shariati realized this
I am at your service. I am one of the last generation of assistant professors who came to the University of Tehran with the assistant professor exam, under the supervision of Dr. Sedighi
In the winter of 1967, they advertised in the newspaper that they wanted an assistant professor
And I came to Tehran from Mashhad, where I was a teacher, and took an exam, and fortunately I passed that exam
After waiting for a year in Mashhad for a successor to come in my place to hand over the students to him and then come
At the beginning of 1969, I came to the University of Tehran and introduced myself to Dr. Sedighi
And from April 1969 to October 1971, I was his assistant in the sociology department room at the Faculty of Literature
Well, in these 30 months, two and a half years, I actually have very good memories of him
And he was not really like a professor, but like a father, not for me but for all the members of the social sciences who was the founder of this field in 1316 at the University of Tehran
In fact, the year I was born, that is, it was a coincidence for me that in the year of my birth, the field of sociology at the University of Tehran was founded by Dr. Sedighi
And he proposes and approves the title of sociology to the Academy instead of social science
That is, before that it was sociology. Mr. Mahdavi’s books in the field of sociology are sociology, not sociology
In fact, he was the founder of the field of sociology and was respected by all and had a very gentle but firm personality
That is, he looked very fragile on the outside, but he was very resilient on the inside
Let me tell you a memory from him: I was his assistant at the beginning of 1970, when the students wanted to register
And you know very well that in those years the social sciences, and especially sociology, were very popular among students all over the world
In Europe, the United States, France, Japan, and social crises came from the same sociological groups
A student came to me to review and initial his case and send it to Dr. Sedighi to sign so that he could register
I did not see the university entrance exam acceptance form in his file and I told him that this is not your form, sir
He said that I am an army of excellent knowledge and His Majesty told me to come to the university
While I was talking, Dr. Sedighi, who was sitting on the table behind their desk, noticed the situation
And he came in front of this student and said, dear sir, what’s wrong?, he said that I am an excellent student, and His Majesty told me to come to the university
He put his hand on his chest and said yes. Your Majesty said that you should come to the university, they did not say come to sociology and so on, therefor he asked him out
He really wanted to prevent the law from being circumvented so that the rights of others would not be violated, the rights of the students who took the entrance exam, and because there were so many volunteers
But without being disrespectful, he said, “First, Your Majesty said and did not say, just saying these words, in fact, showed his spirit.
And he also showed his politeness, and in short, the case ended well, and I have this memory of him that
Good deeds can be done with so-called correctness, sobriety and without violence, and results can be achieved
Anyway, this was my memory, I have many memories of him during the few years we were together
He loved me and I respected him. All members of sociology, without exception, knew him not only as their teacher but also as their father
And he had this grace and mercy towards the professors, assistant professors and students
When a group was formed in the Institute for Social Studies and Research above the library where their room was
Each of the chairs had a specific place, whoever came had to sit in his place
Ehsan Naraghi should have taken his place, Jamshid Behnam should have taken his place, Shapoor Rasekh, Nader Afshar Naderi, Firooz Tawfiq and also the hierarchy
Gholam Hossein Tavassoli, Baqer Sarukhani, Dr. Katabi and I, all followed this order without notifying or issuing a circular
Anyway, it was a very, very good memory, remember, today is also his birthday
Today is the 112th anniversary of their birth. They were born on December 3, 1905
Yes, I was teaching, of course I had no experience the first time I came and they taught me two very compelling lessons.
Sociology of Medicine and Legal Sociology for Master’s Degrees
I overcame it because I had just arrived from Paris and I was new to myself
The students were also very interested, I had 15, 16 students and
And the next year, I became the president of the institute. In July 1975, I became the president of the institute
After Mr. Kotobi, I became the supervisor, Kotobi was before me, then I became the director
And I was there until I was elected director of the sociology department in ’77
In 1978, when the National University Organization was established, it decreed that university presidents should be elected
I was elected as the dean of the faculty by electing 36 members with 33 votes, which is now the document here
I was notified of the verdict the next day when the Shah came to inaugurate the university on October 7, 1957
The king came and inaugurated the university, this was the last inauguration and he left, the next day my sentence came
That is, until then, Dr. Sheibani had suspended my sentence until the Shah came and opened the university
That is, the pressure that the faculty members put on him and they wrote a letter to Kayhan that
We chose him and you appointed another supervisor, finally he was forced to give me my sentence after the opening of the university
And I served until May 1979 and then I resigned
Two days after the assassination of the late Motahhari, on the 14th of Ordibehesht, I resigned and came to terms with
I left and two years later, the Cultural Revolution took place and the university was completely closed
By October 1983, when the universities reopened, I saw that a course had been selected for everyone, but they did not teach me a course
Then I found out that the group manager was ashamed and embarrassed to tell me that he was banned from the class
After the so-called trials and purge trials, I left
That is, I received my sentence on April 4, 1985
But until the end of March 1984, I had a work sentence
The March salary they had paid me, because my purge was from the first of March, later reduced from my pension
First I was fired and I protested, I protested because all the accusations against me were really fabricated
I answered all the accusations, they said you are friends with someone, I said that I am proud of this friendship
They said you borrowed 800 thousand tomans, I said no, I borrowed 300 thousand tomans
The president of the university had written that Dr. Nikoghar, who has 75 times his salary of 800,000 Tomans, will be introduced to take a loan
They had the letter and said that you borrowed 800,000 tomans
And I said no, I got a loan of 300 thousand tomans, I could even get a mortgage of 600 thousand tomans like everyone
But because I did not need it, I had a house that I had sold and I had less than 300,000 Tomans
And there was a woman in that bank who was our compatriot and she told me to take the whole loan, sir, it has only 4% interest
I said no, ma’am, I only need 300,000 tomans, because maybe with that other 300,000 tomans, another of my colleagues will own a house
Nothing else, they wrote 800 thousand tomans and I said I was in the book, not in the account
I wrote to that judge that I should have taken the second 300,000 tomans and bought 400 coins, which were the salary of a university professor for forty years
I was in the book, not in the account, sorry
When I wrote these, they also said that he was stubborn, they saw that they had nothing to say
They turned my retirement with an associate professor into a retirement with an assistant professor with 20 years of service and I left
In those years, during the years of the Cultural Revolution, my book Global Struggle was very successful
With a circulation of ten thousand, eleven thousand copies would be finished in 6 months
So that in two and a half years of the Cultural Revolution, this book sold 60,000 copies
Mr. Jafari, the New publication, had published this book and it was one of the two or three successful books of those years
And they took the opportunity to celebrate the success of this book with my students
And one of the great regrets of my life was that after the opening of the university I could not go and talk to my students about the success of this book
A book that was published during the Cultural Revolution and I worked on it for a thousand hours
This book had very successful editions and was published 6, 7 times in a row with a circulation of 11,000 copies
And then Dr. Mohammad Tavakol invited me, he did not know me much and only heard my name
I said that I came here out of respect for you to say I will not come
They said why, I said I took the exam and came to the University of Tehran in the time of Dr. Sedighi and I do not want to go anywhere from back door
Like everyone else, I could go to a free university and serve for 30 years and get a pension
But I did not do that and sat down and lived only with my books
And now, during the story of the purge court, the Ministry of Justice had placed an advertisement and wanted an official French translator
I had seen this ad, my wife insisted that you go and write the name, in fact, she is my separate intellect
She thought that this would go somewhere and I went to her advice and registered
I went and registered, and when we took the exam, it was actually July 1984, when I had been purged for three months
One day I had a very cold and fever and went to Alborz High School
I took that official French translation exam, 2 weeks later I received a letter saying that you had passed the written exam and that you should come for an interview
When I went to the technical office where the members of the examination board were sitting, Dr. Morteza Kalantari was one of the French language examiners
He was a brilliant translator in the field of law and one of the examiners
When I entered, all three examiners stood in front of me, I was not more than 45 or 46 years old at that time
But because of the book Global Struggle, they stood in front of me, they had all read the book, and they only asked me about the book and Jacques Schreiber.
I replied that I was currently translating Raymond Aron’s memoirs
I was accepted, out of 15 people who wanted to, 13 were accepted and I was the second
Until, in 1985, another French translator was forced to die by their daughter, who had translated the French lamb and its documents by my daughter
They sent me a message that we have an empty post and room here and we want a French translator
In short, I went and was an official translator of French for a year or two
But when I saw that I was not really learning anything from this work, of course, I was also translating scientific documents in addition to official documents, I was translating Raymond Aron’s memoirs at that time
The year 1988 and the day when a big flood came in Tajrish, was the last day of my work
I remember that I had translated a power of attorney document and sent it by my wife to the Azar Translation Agency, and she, who had taken the money to return, was flooded
And from that date onwards, I put that work aside and only books and books and books
Of course, I would like to say that later during Dr. Abdullahi’s term, I was invited to Allameh Tabatabai University
And because of the flashing of my eyes, so to speak, because of the amount of work, so I had to reduce the volume of translation work and go to university
The reason was that I had to work early in the morning at 4 or 5 in the morning when I got up, the light was falling on the paper, this reflection of light from the paper had caused damage to my retina
I spent 16 or 17 hours a day translating, and I had to go back and teach for 10 years
In any case, two institutes have been established in the middle, one is the Social Security Research Institute and the other is the National Center for Public Opinion Surveys
Both of these institutions invited me to collaborate and I went and participated in both interviews
And I worked in both institutes, two, three days here and two, three days there
One time I did a project about the Power Research Institute, which was very good, on energy-saving light bulbs
The story was that Tavanir had imported about 10 million units of energy-saving light bulbs from China
And these were of poor quality and were left in their hands and were not sold and people were dissatisfied
In that institute, they put together a plan to lay the groundwork for the culture that we called the use of energy-saving light bulbs
And it was necessary for a university professor with a doctorate to be in charge of this project
Because the rest of my colleagues were masters, Dr. Mohammad Fazeli, who later became a distinguished professor
Mr. Mohammad Reza Kolahy, who is now a very prominent professor, and Ms. Rifatjah
We formed this team there, the Niroo Research Institute provided us with all the facilities, and we implemented this project for three years
At the end of the project, I was asked to continue, but I was tired and just working on the poll
From Dr. Khatami’s first term to Mr. Ahmadinejad’s second term, I spent almost 17 years conducting polls
And since 2010, I have completely retired due to back pain and I have stopped working outside altogether
At the beginning of the revolution, my daughters and the daughters of Dr. Ahmad Tafzali went to Razi school
We knew each other better than the college there, but we also saw each other a lot in the college
But I mostly traveled with Homa Nategh and Zaryab Khoi in the history group, sometimes with the linguistics group
But in the linguistics group, we got to know each other through our daughters
Dr. Tafazli was suffering from a strange depression in the first years of the revolution
Well, all the values that he had invested emotionally and scientifically in were all gone
Little by little, of course, he found his place, became a member of the Academy, and they recognized his value
But he never took his tie off his neck and went with the tie until the end
And he was in the period when the professors were cleared, especially one or two professors of the Faculty of Literature who had large families
And suddenly all the material resources of his life were cut off, he through the acquaintances he had and the trust they had in him
They help these families until I was purged
Now he was settled and almost activated when my period of depression began
He came to me more because of this
And one day when he was invited to Tabriz, the house of Dr. Sarkarati, he came and asked me to go with him
We took a bus trip with him to Dr. Sarkarati’s house
Dr. Bagheri, who was the wife of Dr. Sarkarati, who is also one of the enduring figures, gave us a very warm welcome.
During the few days we were in Tabriz, the bookstore in Tehran, where my book was published in Tabriz, sold more books.
He had found an old book, a heavy book printed in Indo-Persian
He usually had a certain obsession with looking at the book he was buying, Turning the page so that the book is completely healthy
When he looked at the 100 sheets, I got bored and told him to go one way and come back
Next to that store was a carpet workshop and someone was sitting there weaving like a carpet show
I stood up and weaved a ridge of fine-textured carpet, from the beginning to the end and then I came back and saw that Mr. Tafazli was still flipping through his book
In the end he bought the book at the price of that time, for example, 400, 500 tomans, which was a lot of money
In 1996, when the news of his death arrived and one night a friend told me the news that, you know, they killed Tafazli
But that night one of the university professors who knew my friendship with him called me at ten, ten and a half o’clock at night and gave me this news
And I went to his house tomorrow and saw that no one was there and his daughter had been taken away
In any case, this news arrives and it disappears in this way, and a real catastrophe occurs for the Persian culture and language of Iran and for humanity
That’s where my heart really broke, that it was 96 years ago, just a few months after my father died, that serial killings began
Part04
A message from Montesquieu, this is a paragraph from the book I am translating entitled Europe from Myth to Reality
If I knew something that was good for me but bad for my family, I would throw it out of my mind
If I knew something that was good for my family but not good for my homeland, I would try to forget it
If I knew anything that was good for my country but bad for Europe
Or it was good for Europe but bad for humanity, I saw it as a criminal act
From the book I am translating, Europe from myth to reality
My first job was translating and writing a textbook, in Mashhad in 1967
Which was published at my own expense in Mashhad Printing House, under the title of “Sociological Issues Today”
Therefore, I published a publication in 1968, that is, before I came to the University of Tehran in Mashhad in 1969
And as soon as I came to Tehran, it was over and then Payam Publishing came to me and reprinted this book
And its second edition was held in Tehran, the book on sociological issues today
And these were the basics of sociology for the general students who were studying the basics
This book was for the university, the one you say is for before the revolution, and the book for social education is for the third year
Yes, before the revolution, in 1977, the Ministry of Education had a plan to change the social education textbook
For the first, second and third year of high school, where Mr. Siavash Amini, Mr. Asad Nezami and I were in charge of these three volumes of books
Mr. Asad Nezami wrote the first year book, Mr. Siavash Amini wrote the second year book
And I wrote the third year social education book that was published in the Ministry of Education
It was reprinted several times and changed after the revolution. This book was for the year 1977
I felt the need for the next book myself when I was teaching for a year
Because I was a student of Gurovich myself, I started the book with the basics of Gurovich sociology, what we had read at the Sorbonne
And my goal was to almost explain this concept of the whole social phenomenon to the students
In fact, this first lesson is the first step in the right path in sociology
When we realize that a social phenomenon is a whole thing and its material, spiritual, psychological and mythological layers are intertwined
This was a very important issue, very interesting for the students of that generation
And this book was almost successful, that is, I published the first edition of this book at my own expense in the printing house of Mashhad University
The second edition was published by Payam Publishing, which I taught at the Faculty of Literature and Social Sciences when I was teaching at the Faculty of Law
I was teaching this book as the basics of sociology
When I went to France, they wanted to reprint it, but I said that this book was out of date and good for the next books
Let me tell you the story of this book, a global endeavor. One day, we were sitting in Sotukor College because it was a cultural revolution
There was a university publication at that time, which required university professors to make their salaries legally lawful
Thirty pages of translation to be delivered there, we also delivered our thirty pages in the first three days of the month and wasted the rest of the time
I translated this book of global endeavor at that time
One day Ahmad Ashraf came to the college and said that Mr. Mohammad Reza Jafari was looking for a French translator and I suggested you
He gave me the book, I looked and I liked it, I read it and I saw that it is in my field of work
I already knew Jean-Jacques Schreiber, he worked for the Le Monde newspaper
I took the book and translated it, I was in the middle of the book and about 100 pages when Khorramshahr was liberated
I mean, I was translating when that voice said yes, the bloody compatriots of the city were released
At that moment, under the influence of that state and circumstances, I wrote a few sentences on paper and put them next to the book and forgot about it
After I gave the book to Mr. Jafari, he found this paper and put it as the front of the book
I wrote this under the influence of the moment when the liberation of Khorramshahr was announced
I offer this translation to the pure souls of the martyrs of my homeland who passed in a strange and anonymous way
Yes, they lost their human dignity and the borders of the holy homeland
So I just wrote that moment and I completely forgot what I wrote, I just wrote and it stays with the book
He used this book for a thousand hours in the summer of 1982
Then I took the manuscript and gave it to Mr. Jafari, who, after a week, had made a brief edit
I went and they praised and admired what a writing it really was
He sent the book in the same way and with a handwritten pencil to the printing house, which is at the beginning of Pich Shemiran Street and in the basement
He was printing his first books there, renting an apartment in front of the women’s hospital in Shemiran
One of the windows was broken. The first day I went to the contract, I saw that they were sitting and eating bread, cheese and grapes
Mr. Jafari that I had seen before in Sepehr printing house, in that large and large printing house
I had written the third book of social education for high schools at that time and other textbooks were published in Sepehr printing house
And I saw him there editing a book
That huge printing house and Amir Kabir’s organization had confiscated everyone
He was in a three-room apartment with a broken window facing the outside, which was still unveiled and sunny
There was bread, cheese and grapes and I sat down and had lunch with them and we signed the book contract
He heard about my purging in the first year, the summer of ’84
The news reached him and one day I saw that he himself came to my house
He himself came and said, “Doctor, I heard that you were purged.”
I said yes, he said well how much did you get, how much was your salary at that time
I had given a page for that book and I had taken my money, it was 60,000 tomans of my fee that he had paid
I said that I was taking 10 thousand tomans, which was 3 thousand tomans for the house installment, and 7 thousand tomans was taking our hand
That is, the net salary of an associate professor was really 7,000 tomans in 1984
He took out his check notes, wrote 7 checks for 7,000 Tomans, that is, 49,000 Tomans for September to March
That money kept me going because I only received a thousand tomans from the university, a thousand to one toman
Mr. Jafari did not remember, 2 years ago, which was the anniversary of Mojtaba Abdullahnejad and we were sitting together in the House of Humanities
I told him that Mr. Jafari did this for me and he did not remember and he said you are right, I said yes
The story was that seven, 7 thousand tomans made my next books come out
During the Cultural Revolution, when the university was closed, I was preparing for the future
During this period I translated two very important books, one is Max Weber’s Sociology
One of them was translating the logic of social action, the other of which was stopped during the so-called faculty trials.
Max Weber was Julien Freund, a therapist who spent time with Aaron at the Sorbonne
Julien Freund was a professor at the University of Strasbourg and worked on Max Weber all her life
Max Weber has a book on sociology in English, German and French. They are now deceased, he was also Aron’s student
The book Logic of Social Action was for Raymond Budon, my teacher
He was a well-known professor and was the first to introduce mathematics to the methods of sociological analysis
And this book is ranked 53rd in the 100 books of the twentieth century, that is, in the 100 books of sociology of the twentieth century
The first rank is for Max Weber and the book Economics of Society, which has been translated into more than 50 languages
It ranks fifty-third out of a hundred books worldwide and throughout the twentieth century
And fortunately, it was published 3 or 4 times in Iran
Incidentally, I had also translated the first edition, but I did not know which publisher to give it to. Mr. Ehsan Naraghi came and took my hand and took Javidan Publishing
Naser Khosrow Scholars, Javidan Publishing, published them twice
Then they got tired and saw that this book was not their work
I took it and did the second editing and visit, and gave it to the Contemporary Culture Publishing, which was republished after that
The word expresses itself, the logic of social action, to sum it up, Raymond Aron believes
sociology would be impossible without a brief rationality in human behavior
That is, we have this rationality of the subject, we say what I would do if I were
What does logic say? When I do this, how does economics make sense?
I go and look at the goods which are cheaper and then I choose, but in social behavior this does not make sense
He says that this also has logic, but in a different way, and that rationality that is in human beings
It is, in fact, the subject of sociological change, in fact it is close to Max Weber’s vision
So before the revolution, in 1977, when I was the dean of the faculty, I was actually the first director of the department, and then the dean of the faculty, I translated at the same time
And Dr. Nasser Pakdaman was the director of the Economics and Society Collection and it was to be published in this collection
Then the book went and was edited and came and was typed and finalized
At that time, Mr. Abdullahnejad had paid 5,000 tomans in advance
Another book went to Mr. Nasser Pakdaman to print
It coincided with busy days of the revolution and in February and March, and Mr. Pakdaman went to France
His house was on the twentieth floor of Saman Tower with his wife Homa Nategh
He stayed there too, and after they came to confiscate the house and take the property, the translation of this book was completely gone and I had none of it
You see, I was the dean of the faculty, the devices at that time were not in the form of Xerox, they were in the form of stencils
We provided students with stencils to duplicate their revolutionary statements in limited numbers
But I did not give myself the right to use that stencil for my work to have at least one copy
I was saying that this is government property and I should not use it for personal use
For this reason, and observing this point caused me to lose everything, that is, I had nothing at my disposal
Until 10 years later, I attended a congress at Allameh Tabatabai University when the late Dr. Abdullahi
He was the director of the group, he had arranged for a sociology conference
I went there and saw the lectures, the general professors, even though I had been out of college for 10 years
Everyone referred to Parsons without a book
That same day I came home and sat down, retrieved the original book, and began translating again
And it was good that I re-translated because in re-translation, I had a government doctorate this time
And my language was more complete and completely fluent in the subject and this book came out very well
First I was introduced to a publisher who did not work for him, but he printed and sold 5,000 copies
But because I did not like their typography, I took the book from them
I even paid compensation, that is, I asked for 1 million, which I did not receive, and I took back the privilege of the book and gave it to Ney Publishing
This time it was published very respectfully, I also wrote 50 pages of introduction for this book
Twenty-five years before Parsons, twenty-five years after Parsons to show what was before and what happened after
Because Parsons had died during this time
The book is written by Gay Roche, Gay Roche was a Parsons student at Harvard
And he himself came to Paris as a visiting professor during the year I was studying in Paris
And he told us about this book in his seminars there
I mean, I saw Gay Roche up close in Paris, he was friends with Studzel
And when the book was published, it was over, I sent a copy of this book to my daughter in Canada, as a professor at the University of Montreal
He was 92 years old at that time, then he called and came from 30 kilometers with his wife to my daughter’s house and took the book out of the car
He had looked at the book, Parsons’ photo was on the cover, then he emailed me where did you find this photo?
I was a student of Parsons and I have never seen this photo
I replied that yes, this is what the graphic artist I had found my publisher did, and he liked the printing of the book and its binding
He also noticed that I had written 50 pages for this book
That is, he said that he had opened the book and had seen it
Although I do not know Persian, I realized that you wrote an introduction to this book and did a good job.
Then I explained to him that yes, I added 25 years before Parsons and 25 years after Parsons as a 50-page introduction to the book
And this book was published twice in Ney Publishing
I wrote the book Basics of Sociology and I really spent 6 months writing it and 1 year writing what to write
That is, before I wrote the book, I collected all the basic textbooks that were available in French and even English
I reviewed and sorted out their headlines and organization as to how this book should be organized
And I wrote the book in 3 chapters and 1 post
The first chapter starts from the individual to the society, from the individual, age, groups, institutions, values to the society
The second chapter is from society to culture and the third chapter is the relationship between society and culture
And finally, the methodology of sociology, the methods that exist in sociology
And the most important feature of this book was that I actually summarized the classic American sociological research, the Chicago School, which was very time-consuming
Like the Polish peasant, like the community on the street corner, and so on. These things are all at the end of the book
And so far the book has sold more than 60,000 copies, even though I do not teach
Before the book fair was held in Iran after the revolution, it was a university publication
Just before the first book fair, the university publishing house had organized an exhibition of French and English books in its own building on Vozara Street
And I went to that exhibition, I saw this book by Raymond Budon, because Raymond Budon was my teacher
It came from France and I saw that the price was also reasonable, 50-60 Tomans or 500-600 Tomans, it was a detailed book
I bought this book because it was a good teacher, and although I was not in a good financial position at the time, because it was after the purge
I bought this book, I have been reading this book for years and I longed to translate it
One day we happened to be in the office of the Sociology Department of Allameh Tabatabai University with Dr. Abdollahi and Dr. Chalabi, a professor at Shahid Beheshti University, who came there and taught
I jokingly and seriously said that if a publisher was found and gave me 600,000 tomans, I would translate this book, that year, because I really had to make time
The book remains, in the meantime, and before translating this book, I had translated Raymond Budon’s book Sociological Methods
Scientific and cultural publications had published this, and Mr. Iraj Aliabadi was in charge of what I know
And he invited me to translate this book for scientific and cultural publications, which has been published three times
After that I translated the book Raymond Kiwi Research Method which I will explain
But since I am on the subject of Raymond Budon, I tell you that I was really skeptical of this book
I was hesitant to translate or not, so I came and got a Hafiz fortune telling like any Iranian
I intended to translate this for my Hafez or not, believe me this lyric came that I wrote here
When I decide to go to the friend’s alley, I will breathe musk into its pleasant smell
I will write down every reputation I have gained from knowledge and religion
A life is spent in vain, my lover, I will work in vain from today, think what were you doing?
I started translating on January 1, 1996, and the book was finished in May of 2006
Now why did the translation take so long, when I started translating the book, the book was reprinted in France
In the second edition, the book was reduced and increased, some sections were removed and some sections were added
I went forward, the book was published for the third time, they had changed the book again, I was following the book the whole time
To the extent that I am sorry to say this, François Borico, one of the authors of the book, died in the fifth or sixth editio
Mr. Boudon said that we would not change the book anymore
A colleague who was going to Belgium for a conference, I asked him to bring the final edition of the book for me to see
For this reason, the book had grown from 1 article in 1996 to 120 articles
This book contains 120 critical sociological articles
It includes theories, applications, and great creators, that is, it contains great sociologists
And each article has a specific source for itself, so I gave it to Mr. Mosaei in publishing contemporary culture
In fairness, they published very exquisitely, and the editing work took a year
I’m very thankful to that editor who was a Doctor, whose name I do not remember now, who worked very hard
Because when you do the book for a long time, you yourself remember with what spelling you wrote the first name and with what spelling later
He coordinated all this and the book was published in 4,000 copies
The first price of the book was 8400 Tomans and it was sold for 48 thousand Tomans without being reprinted
And now, if it is printed, it will be about 120 thousand tomans, but the first price was 8400 tomans
I got 4 million tomans for this book for 10 years of my work, and that’s all
I can say that I translated two collections of books, theoretical and visionary books
Like Max Weber, like Parsons, like Norbert Elias, Simmel and Raymond Budon, who are the founders and greats of sociology with their theories
And a collection of applied books, such as Sociology of Art, Sociology of the City, and Sociology of Sport
I did this myself, even the book Atom Story published by Soroush Publishing, the first edition was 10,000 copies
Tens of thousands of copies were also sold, because some teachers taught the book in a gifted school.
There is the history of the atom, the history of physics from the beginning and before ancient Greece and the period of the rulers ….. to the contemporary period and the twentieth century, to the same Heisenberg and their theories
And how these theories are expressed, changed, and reached to the structure of the quark, what the structure of the quark is color, and what the mass is
The book was reprinted, then I did not follow up and there is still a demand for printing this book
Raymond Aaron’s memoirs have another story, I went on a trip to Paris in 1977 with the late Dr. Rad
And after the exams ended in 1956, I said should we go to Paris with Manouchehr? We were in the office and he told us to go, just like that
The next day we left with 20,000 tomans of money, visas were not needed and visas were issued at the airport
We went to Paris and I stayed there for more than 20 days, he stayed longer
With that 20,000 Tomans, I bought a suitcase of books, it was really a suitcase and because it was heavy, I took it inside so that it would not be considered as part of my luggage.
In 1977, I went to see Raymond Aaron, who had a stroke and came from Figaro and entered the Express magazine
Servan-Schreiber was the author of the book Global Struggle
I went to the Humanities House
(house science house)
Aaron had an office where I was preparing my thesis and he had a library
I went to see Raymond Aaron, and well Aaron recognized me and saw that I was writing the diary.
In the introduction itself, he writes why he chose memoirs instead of writing a sequel to Marx’s books.
He said that my mood after the stroke did not allow me to work hard and I saw that the memories were more suitable for me
I promised him there that, God willing, the book would come and I would translate it
The book was published around the year 1984-83, when I was purged
Aaron died 40 days after this book, that is, the book came in, the day this book wanted to be published. Now how did I find out?
VOA reported the book in English, saying that Raymond Aaron’s book would be published tomorrow
That night, from midnight in front of the Galimar Bookstore, the publisher of this book, people lined up to open the door in the morning and buy the book
The first edition of this book sold 400,000 copies
Then I wrote a letter to Stutzel and said that because I had promised Aron to translate this book and now he is not
Please send me a copy of this book
He sent me the book after a week, and then one of the relatives who went to France brought me another copy
A businessman going to Switzerland, one night they were at our house with Naraghi and I expressed my interest in this book
He also brought me a copy from Switzerland, I have three copies of this book
Because it was rocket time and I was afraid the book would be lost
In short, I took this book and started translating it, when I was translating two pages from Aron between an identity card, a divorce certificate, and two pages in the official translation agency, because I was there for three years
That was really it, for example, an official document would come, I would translate and translate from Aron until the next customer remembers
The translation of this book took three and a half years, and I first signed this contract with Mr. Jafari
But for Mr. Jafari, those first years were very difficult because the confiscation of Amir Kabir was not yet complete and he was under pressure
He was discouraged and returned this book to me and I took it to his cousin, the scientific publications of that time and now
I signed a contract with Mr. Asghar Elmi and he published the book in 2 volumes
Of course, printing and binding was not very desirable to me, but the book was published in 5500 copies
The book zinc was made in Bahman printing house, it was in the time of rocket fire and it was a year of paper famine
That is, in those years, paper was rationed because of the war, and every time a rocket landed in Tehran or south of Tehran
I was calling the Bahman printing house to Mr. ….. saying Rocket did not go there because the zincs and my 3 years of hard work were there
In short, he said no, the missile did not hit here and was close to here
Then, until the day they called me for guidance, I had asked for the paper myself
They did not give scientific publications, that is, he took scientific paper, but for other works
In short, they called me and I went and they gave me a six-and-a-half-hour remittance of the paper
Because the book was 1100 pages and almost both volumes required 1 kg of paper
If I wanted to sell this six and a half tons of paper in the market that day, it would be 10 times, 20 times, 100 times my salary, which was 15% of the price on the cover of the book, which was 420 Tomans
I brought that paper and eagerly gave it to Mr. Asghar Elmi and he took the paper that day and the same week the book was published in Bahman Printing House and came in. This was the story of Raymond Aaron’s memoir
Well, this book suggested the future of freedom to me by the State Department
They were there …….. they were publishing the democracy course, Mr. Moradi and his wife, Ms. Mohajer, were there in the Central Library of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
He was a gentleman and I was friends with both him and his wife
They invited me to do this book, which was in the Dialogue of Civilizations series
Well, I got the book, and at the same time, 14 chapters by Raymond Aron were published by another translator at the State Department, which, of course, was very wrong
Then they found out that I was translating this too, so they stopped printing it and asked me, and I said no, I signed a contract with a scientist
The book The Future of Freedom, which was given to me by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, was published in a very large format
The book of small and pocket cuts was printed in a ministerial cut and even longer than usual, now the sample is here, I have a copy of it
I did not like their work, of course they used a very beautiful photo and designed a very good cover for it
The second volume was The End of Democracy, written by Jean-Marie Gno before The Future of Freedom and a few years ago
And immediately they gave me this book for translation, I took the book and translated it, but I did not give it to them for printing anymore.
At the end of the translation of the book, I gave it to Mr. Hosseinkhani, the publisher of Agah, and returned the original book to the printing house of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Well Simmel and especially Max Weber are in the heyday of sociology, Durkheim in France, Max Weber in Germany and Simmel at the same time
And after them and the next generation are another group like Bourdieu and others
I know Simmel as a very talented sociologist, even though he considered himself a philosopher
According to a letter he wrote to the president of the Sorbonne, he was considered a sociologist abroad, while I considered myself a philosopher
But in every corner of the society you think he had infiltrated and written about him
I want to read you a paragraph from this book
Basically, you know that for a good and responsible translator in any book, the first chapter or the introduction of the book is the most difficult part
That you have to read it a few times to understand the spirit of the author’s pen and make it your own and then start writing
If you look at my books, which have now reached about 50 volumes, no book has a pen, the pen is not just me, it is my pen, and there is also the author’s pen.
Now this introduction to Simmel’s sociology is Florence, a philosophical miniature, philosopher, sociologist, essayist, lover of Italy, and expert in Dante and Petrarchology
Simmel liked to travel to Italy on the route that Goethe had taken, so we see one time in Tuscany, another time in Florence, his spiritual homeland
Enjoy morning visits to palaces, churches, galleries and museums
زیمل بعدازظهرها در In the afternoon, Simmel walks through the hills overlooking Florence among vineyards and olive groves and villas surrounded by old towers and fortifications, sunny and covered with green ivy
Pass the Michelangelo Tower of Pisa and continue on to the gates of the Romanesque Church of San Miniato
Exhausted, he sits there and relaxes, contemplating Florence from the top of the hill and marveling at the beauty of the city landscape, at the beauty of the oneness of life, at the beautiful whole of Hegel
The totality that has been divided between the poles of subject and object, mind and object, between man and object, between culture and nature, between past and present, since man discovered the principle of subjectivity
According to Simmel, restoring lost unity to two parts of life can only be achieved through a work of art
It is only in the work of art that the components are inseparably united, as if their unity took shape before the dark process of life replaced them
Watching the meadow of the Arno River running through the bare hills of Fizol, Simmel thinks it is such a work of art
On the other side of the river of nature, on the other side of the river of culture, there is a tree and an anemone of anemones, there is the tall tower of Plaza Vecchio, the dome of the tail church and the green roof ……
No single component is unique in its beauty, but each individual component has the benefit of the overall beauty that dominates it
In Florence, the separation between culture and nature disappears, perhaps two cities can not be found where the impact of the whole appearance and memories
Nature and culture have reached such a unity that it induces a strong feeling of …… in the spectator
In Florence, even the tension between the present and the past disappears. It is true that the glorious past of the Medici city did not last
But the presence of the past in the present can be accepted in the present, just as nature embraces culture
This is the work of Friedrich Vandenberg, who wrote the book German Sociologists, and this is a chapter from that book that was published separately, and I translated it
You see, I took the time to translate these weeks, so a few pages
یعI mean, with this translation, if I had been selected as the top translator, it might not have been unintentional
Part05
Let me read you a brief passage from the book, Europe from Myth to Reality which I’m translating these days
The book is for 2019, and I have been translating parts of the previous book
This excerpt is from Victor Hugo’s speech at the Paris Peace Congress in 1849
That is, after the revolution of 1848, which ended the reign of the Bourbon dynasty and Napoleon III
He delivers a speech at the Paris Peace Congress, which he chaired
This is how Victor Hugo’s speech begins at that congress
Gentlemen, if 400 years ago, there was a period when the war was region by region, section by section, city by city
If anyone had said it in Laurent, in Picardy, in Normandy, in Brutain, in Auvergne, in Provence, in Dauphin, in Burgundy
The day will come when you will no longer fight, the day will come when you will no longer mobilize armed men against each other
The day will come when it will no longer be said that the Normans attacked the Picardy, the Lornians repulsed the Burgundians
You still have to settle a lot of differences, talk about common interests
But do you know what you will replace the armed men with, the cavalry and the infantry?
Instead of cannons and guns and spears and swords, you will put a small box of oak instead of all of them, which you will call the ballot box.
You know what will come out of this box, the council that you are all in
The House that will be the embodiment of the soul of all, the Supreme Council and the people who will decide, will judge,
He will solve all problems legally, remove the sword from everyone, and justice will live in all hearts
And he will tell everyone that the truth is over there, this is where the task begins, live in peace
This was a summary of Victor Hugo’s speech at that congress
The second congress was held in 1872 in Lugano, Switzerland, where Italian speakers are spoken
I want to say that Victor Hugo’s steadfastness and loyalty to his human ideals
Again in this letter dated September 20, 1872 we see that he sent to the Lugano Peace Congress
In this letter, too, we see the poet’s unwavering belief in European unity
Despite the war between Prussia and France two years earlier in 1870
The war that ended the Second Empire in France led to the Second Reich in Germany
And he had convinced Hugo that he should unite the European nations as soon as possible, this letter from Victor Hugo to that Congress and the members of the Second Peace Congress.
We will have this United States of Europe that will leave the old world, just as the United States will leave the new world.
The spirit of conquest and domination will be manifested in us in the spirit of exploration, and instead of the brutal brotherhood of emperors, we will have the generous brotherhood of nations
We will have a homeland without borders, a budget without a share for the greedy, a business without customs
Barrier-free travel, education without dullness, youth without conscription
Courage without battle, justice without execution platform, life without crime, forest without tiger, plow without carrying second-hand sword
Covenant without yawning, conscience without yoke, truth without dogma, God without priest, resurrection without hell, love without hatred
This book is two volumes and it has its own history, I kept it for a few years and I doubted it
Because it was so detailed, it was 800 pages in two volumes
Mr. Firooz Tawfiq, every year he traveled, the result of his trip was a book cover for me, we had a very old friendship
When he was in Paris, he told Mr. Nasser Pakdaman my request, and he recommended this book
Of course, I do not remember the second volume or maybe the first volume
They brought this, and because it was one volume, I always said that if I translated it, it should be two volumes
Until I completely exempt myself in 1390, that is, I refused to work outside because of back pain, high blood pressure, and so on
In the survey, I worked 7 or 8 hours a day and then did translation work, but I came and stayed at home
My back hurts I was in pain, I was going to physiotherapy and chiropractic, and this book was one of those things that I started translating along with the works of Amin Malouf, which I will explain later.
I translated more than 100 pages of this book lying down on the same carpet because I could not sit at the table because of back pain
Dr. Tawfiq had brought me this book, then I asked my daughter to send me another volume and the book was complete
And I started translating this book, this book is a book in three books
That is, a book that is a good text written by the author is a book itself, fragments and excerpts from their works
And there are other selections that are the distance between two schools of thought, two schools of thought, theories that exist, or the sociologists who bridge from one theory to another
But he brought it all in different typescripts and in different frames, which means that this is a very difficult task in itself
I take this opportunity to thank Mr. Kaykhosrow Shapoori, the editor of Farhang-e Moaser, who at that time also worked for Hermes Publishing on Mondays
Thank you for doing this book, which was a very complex job, both typography and typing, and thank God the book was reprinted in 2 or 3 years
I translated 3 books by Amin Maalouf: Deadly Identities, The Chaotic World and the Crusades
On my second trip to Canada in 2008, I have a hangout near my daughter’s house.
There is a store where there is a branch of Renwood Berry Bookstore which is famous and has branches everywhere, it is a big and very stylish bookstore
I also go there to browse the books and in front of a coffee shop where I drink coffee and I go and walk 1 hour
I saw these two books there and in that bookstore, then they were with a heart sign, which means that this book is very selected and if you start it, you can not drop it
I bought these two books there and started translating Deadly Identities right there in Canada
When I came, I saw how important this book is and how much it has influenced the world, and it is the textbook of all multinational countries such as the United States and Canada, and countries with many immigrants
First of all, let me introduce Amin Maalouf. Amin Maalouf is the son of a Christian family whose father was Protestant and whose mother was Catholic, and he was born in Beirut
They go to Egypt when their family flees the Ottoman Empire in the First World War
Later in Egypt, a series of massacres of Armenians begin, from where they return to Lebanon and settle in Lebanon after the First World War.
Amin Maalouf was also a child and was influenced by his mother, who was Catholic. He was placed in a school …….
He studied in Beirut and his father was a journalist, until the Lebanese Civil War began in 1974
He explains that the first grenade exploded under our apartment and in front of our window
Well, these are also hidden, they had a child and his wife was pregnant with the second child
And one night, alone at night, he boarded a ship in the port of Beirut and came to Marseilles in France as a refugee
This was the year when I finished my thesis and came to Iran, where he is entering France
And well, because he was French-speaking, he first started working for June Africa magazine
Later in a friendly lunch with a French publisher, he explains this to himself and is offered
Many books have been written about the Crusades in French and English, that is, Westerners have written a lot about them
But on the other hand, we have nothing from the Arabic language. You, whose mother tongue is Arabic, write a book for us
He spent three years researching and writing his first book, The Crusades
The book is one of the best-selling books in history and is still one of the most brilliant books
اBut I did not start translating the book that I brought to Iran, because I saw that I could not do it without having an Arabic translation of this book
And because I knew that all his books were translated into Arabic, because he himself is an Arabic speaker.
Until my son went to Dubai, I asked him to bring me an Arabic translation of this book.
I was waiting for the book when the translation was delayed, but in the meantime I translated the deadly identities
Its story is during the Lebanese civil war and Serbia and Kosovo war
Now let me read you a piece of this book because this part is in the language of Amin Ma’louf himself.
Triggered by a repetitive and seemingly ordinary question from friends and acquaintances who consider themselves more French or Lebanese
Amin Maalouf, a French-Lebanese Arab-Christian writer, talks about the nature of identity
He asks about the emotional emotions he evokes and about his deadly deviations
Identity by configuring more or less innumerable components, gender, nationality, religion, language, race, social origin, indigenous or immigrant
Being in the minority or in the majority that one has no choice in choosing any or almost all of them and all of them are imposed on him
It is necessary to commit to its consequences all its life, at least from the time of reaching intellectual maturity
Some with pride and many others with shame, with shame
The author asks why, on the eve of the third millennium, the emphasis on self-identity must be accompanied by the denial of other identities
Why many people can not freely assume all their identity belongings
Will our societies be forever plagued by tensions and outbreaks of deadly violence from suicide attacks to genocide simply because of differences in religion, language, nationality, and the beliefs of the people who live in it?
Is it according to the law of nature or the law of history that fellow-believers are called linguistic identity and fellow-speakers are called religious identity?
And fellow-believers and fellow-speakers, in the name of ideological identity, kill each other’s ideology or deny it
It is true that because of the rejection of this destiny, it is inevitable that the author will write with a simple and clear language and a fair and enlightened look
The problem of the identity crisis, which is ultimately the problem of the cultural crisis, with a review of the tragic events of recent decades in Lebanon and Yugoslavia
And addresses the dangers of unilateral globalization of Western American culture
This is the story of this book, and of course it has been published 7, 8 times, and due to the lack of paper in its recent editions, it is published in 300, 400 copies, but it is still being published and it has been very well received
This year and just two months ago, when I went to Canada and it ‘s been a month since I came back, I will translate this book, which is the last known book, and it is the next book
It is called the sinking of civilizations, this is a chaotic world, and now it is frustrated and it is the sinking of civilizations altogether
I took this book, look, I mentioned this sign of the heart that when put on the book, it means that this book should not be lost
He wrote this book before, called Roots, his own family, which are scattered all over the world
That is, the Lebanese who are in the world, and especially the Armenians, this book is the roots of Amin Malouf
Which was also in my daughter’s library that I took from her, I do not read this to you because it is very detailed and my eyes do not allow it
I also have all the famous novels in French, you know he wrote the novel Samarkand which is about Khayyam’s life
He wrote Heavenly Gardens about the gardens of Mani, he was a researcher, he is the second foreigner to join the French Academy
Did you know that Napoleon founded the French Academy and has 40 lifelong members?
As long as no one dies and no seat is vacated, no one will take his place. Seat 24 was vacated in 2011 for Levi Strauss, who died at the age of 101
Amin Maalouf and 10 other great French philosophers were candidates for that seat
The members must vote for the candidates themselves. He won the first or second ballot by a majority of votes and has been a member of the French Academy since 2011
This is an article I wrote in the book world after Amin Maalouf’s books were published
They did an interview with Amin Maalouf, which I translated in the world of books called Amin Maalouf, narrated by Amin Maalouf
Which is a very beautiful article and it has beautiful points and I worked for that article for a few days and it was published very well
It is a story by Amin Maalouf about himself
This is a research book that I wrote when I worked at the Social Security Institute during the time of Mr. Hashemi Rafsanjani
They were supposed to insure the villagers, they had given the plan to the UN to investigate
As this institute was established, I, as a sociologist, was the first to be asked to implement this plan
To actually write whether it is cost-effective, good or bad, what is the disadvantage of this plan
I had a colleague, God bless Ms. Kashani, a young man, 40 years old, who died of leukemia
She was my colleague for three, four years, and with her help we came up with this book, which is actually a documentary book and a library
I started my first research project at the institute with this book
I mean, one day I came home to write a proposal and I said, well, let’s see what happens if the villagers are insured
Very well, first of all, the first and second degree files are destroyed, that is, the tuition fees are insured, the villagers are not
This difference, which is not in the dignity of a republic at all, will be eliminated
What are the consequences of this action, I wrote like this and there is a proposal and an introduction to the book that I no longer have the opportunity to read
In the end the book was published and later reached the second edition. If the research book reaches the second edition, it is very rare. The institute itself published this
One day at a congress organized by the Ministry of Agriculture, I was invited and I went and sat in the front row
I will not name him now because he was the Deputy Minister of Agriculture. I saw that he had come as a sermon
Russian misery is an important book, written by Helen Karr Dunkos, is in fact 10 centuries of Russian history centered on political assassination
The murder of a boy, the murder of a father, the murder of a wife, and all these murders are all murders in the history of Russia up to the first dispute between Gorbachev and Yeltsin in this book
Until the first dispute between Gorbachev and Yeltsin, this book is included because it is for the same time
Ms. Carr was born to Russian parents in France. Naraghi took the book from Paris when it was published and sent it to me by Dr. Baqer Parham
Which I translated and unfortunately gave to Alborz Publishing, which means that the mistake I made was to choose a bad publisher because that was the option at the time
I gave it to Alborz Publishing, which was separated from the new publication
The book The Human Factor was published by scientific and cultural publications for this year’s exhibition
The human factor book is in fact the intervention of human intelligence at work
After two or three accidents in a row, such as the Plasco fire, the mine explosion in Golestan province and the crash of an Asmad plane in Yasuj
When some of our environmentalists were martyred there, I decided to translate it. I had brought this book a year ago, but the translation of other books did not allow its translation
This book is about the fact that you see that a work protocol is legal and comes with an article and a comment
That a person who works, whether a doctor, a university professor, a lawyer, a dentist, a surgeon, works according to the principles written in the book
But in practice and in reality, something happens that is not foreseen there
Here he is the doer, whoever he is, and at every level, intelligence intervenes to get him out of trouble
Sometimes it’s comforting and good, sometimes it ‘s catastrophic, in all three of these incidents if you look
The human factor played a role, if the worker who had lit the Primus there for breakfast at the top of the Plasco Tower would not have done it and realized
Or the worker who carries the conveyor and the workers’ engine, because the conveyor did not turn on because it was frozen from the cold, and he catches a torch and the accumulated gas explodes and brings about that catastrophe
Or the pilot who tells him the weather is not good and you can not go, he says no, I went this way many times, so I go again and go and hit the back of the mountain
These three incidents led me to translate this book, this book is actually work psychology and psychoanalysis
Examines the problem of work from three dimensions of psychology, psychoanalysis, sociology and anthropology and proposes theories related to work
I hope that those who deal with human resources will read this book and it is a very important book, although it has a small interruption
The author of this book, Christophe Déjour, is actually a psychoanalyst and runs a psychoanalysis clinic in Paris
And all his books are about the suffering of work and illnesses, which, whether mental or physical, already benefit man
Another book that is very important that was published last year and remained in guidance for 30 months is the book, what is left of the West
This is Reggie Debra, who also came to Iran during the revolution and was Comrade Che Guevara
He is both a political commentator on the war in the newspaper Figaro and a professor of political science in Paris
The story is that my son-in-law and daughter, who had come from a trip, bought this book at the airport and brought it to read
Here they came and I saw the book, I confiscated the book for translation, I translated and the book went guidance
But unfortunately, before Trump was elected, the book was supposed to be published, because these people were predicting a turn to the right of the United States
Because of the few sentences he made, one of them was that Mr. Obama knows that Tehran’s educated youth are no longer anti-American
They said that this sentence should be deleted, we also stand briefly, another religious fundamentalism is the result of the authoritarian rule of the Assad family in Syria, which they said should be deleted as well.
This book was not published and he also complains to Mr. … Deputy Minister of Guidance who was in Frankfurt
Says Dr. Nikgohar, who has been selected as the best translator in the country, you keep his book, in other words, they will solve it in any way
See the story of this book is that these two people were together at the same place where Sartre and Aaron studied at the University of France
They were together and in the same class, they meet by chance at Charles de Gaulle Airport.
Reggie was going to Beijing, he was going to Beirut, it was the time of the Middle East war
Mr. Renault Girard has been on all fronts of the war for the past 30 years and has documented the war
This one is on the left and has his own stories, they see each other at the airport and sit down to have a coffee together until their gates are clear
There, their conversation blossoms well and one of them asks what the West really means
As soon as they get to this question, the speaker announces each one, and they get up and leave
When Mr. Raji Debra goes to Beijing for a lecture, his students ask him what the West means
He goes back to Paris and writes a letter to Renault Girard and says that this question in our suspension made me think of writing this letter
In fact, this book is a correspondence between two philosophers in the style of the French pre-revolutionary era, who wrote books for censorship in the form of correspondence that passes the censorship barrier
These are the two people in whose letter Mr. Reggie Deborah mentions 5 positive points and 5 weaknesses of the West.
۵ He writes down 5 strengths and 5 weaknesses, and he approves some, denies some, and then summarizes
This book is the result of the correspondence of two philosophers, which is a very important book that I hope will reach the next edition because it was published for this exhibition
Norbert Elias sociology book is written by Natalie Henick, I wrote Henish here, but Hannick is right
Later, I saw on the Internet that it was read in French, but he himself had written that it was correct
Which is the book of sociology of art with K. and Henick, but here is Henish
This sociological book by Norbert Elias is unique in its kind, for example, I will read it to you in the heart of its tornado
Which is a story written by Edgar Allanpo that is a ship where sailors fall into the sea and everyone is trying to save themselves and this lady is reconstructing this story here
Its name is in the heart of the tornado, recalling the fact that the fishermen were slowly sinking into the mouth of the tornado
For a moment, they wandered along the fragments of the broken boat along the hull, which was constantly getting closer to the mouth of the vortex
At first, the two brothers were so overwhelmed with fear that they lost the ability to think well and evaluate accurately what was going on around them
And yet, after a while, one of the brothers was able to overcome his fear
The paralyzed older brother was shot desperately in a boat depot for fear of imminent catastrophe
The younger brother came to his senses and began to look around curiously
By observing the whole situation ahead, to a calmness that did not seem to relate to itself
He noticed pieces of order in the movement of the pieces floating on the water
And while the boat was spinning, in short, as a result of observing and thinking, an idea came to his mind
And concluded that cylindrical and cylindrical objects are slower than objects of any other shape
And smaller objects sank later than larger objects
His brother froze in a corner, frightened, into a barrel
And he tried in vain to encourage his older brother to do what he had done
He then jumped into the water with a barrel from under the boat, and the hull of the ship on which his brother was staying was soon swallowed at the mouth of the vortex
Instead, the barrel he was clinging to was pulled much slower into the depths, and the fisherman was still floating on the water.
The tops of the whirlpool funnel became a little slower, and he finally returned to the living world with the gentle movement of the sea waves
By symbolically representing the structure and direction of events in his imagination, he discovered a means of escaping it.
And the level of self-control and self-control and the level of process control, as can be seen here, was independent.
You see, this is a piece of book that the author of this book brought from his book, Mr. Norbert Elias.
Norbert Elias was Jewish and unfortunately very unlucky, just when he was defending his thesis
World War II broke out during the Jewish occupation and he fled to Switzerland
After Switzerland he came to France, when he came to France again the Vichy government arrested the Jews
He went to England and became a teacher there, and the book was actually part of his thesis, which is also detailed, and this refers to a part of his collection of works
But that original thesis has very important books about civilization
But in the end he became known, that is, in the 60’s he became known as a very superior sociologist
He later taught at the University of Amsterdam and in the United Kingdom
When I was translating this book, only one book about death was published, a small pamphlet.
The book Where to Land is about the environment by Bruno Latour
This book is Bruno Latour 2017, after the election of Trump
And after Trump left the Paris Climate Union, I got this book.
That Ms. Mahdokht Ghorbani, my student from Montreal, brought to me, I translated this book and now the book should be published again and it will be published before Eid
And this book that I am translating under the name of Europe from Myth to Reality, which I have reached halfway through, is a book of 10 chapters, which I have reached at the end of Chapter 6
Part06
As I said, two history can be defined for sociology
A history of the BC period, the philosophical period of ancient Greece from Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and the philosophers who lived in that period can be said
In their works there were all the ideas of sociology, until later in the Middle Ages when we have many brilliant books about nowhere and utopia and these are the works of sociology
We come to the Renaissance and Machiavelli periods, and these are all socially brilliant books, and none of them can be ignored
Or the City of the Sun and the like are all sociology books but not entitled Sociology
Most are philosophy and theology but with sociological themes
Until the Industrial Revolution officially takes place, the Industrial Revolution will completely change the face of the world
The distances are no longer the distances you rode on horseback or on foot, now there are trains and steamships
Workers’ groups and poor and working-class suburbs are formed and class divisions are created
Marx’s books are published, and it is about this time that Auguste Kent writes the book The Course of Research Philosophy in France
He writes on the philosophical period of positivism and in his fourth volumes the title of social physics, a science that later becomes sociology, he actually proposes
And he teaches this course for free, not in academia, but in labor groups and unions
And it is at least the period of Saint-Simon that he is also a thinker, but for this we must go back to before the French Revolution
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Montesquieu, and Voltaire, and these are all, in fact, the beginnings of sociology
That is, it is not sudden that August Kent comes and expresses positivism
Positivism means only the originality of experience, that is, what we can experience
Or, as Kabanis puts it, if in the dissection room we could dissect the soul with a scalpel, we have to believe it
The soul was unbelievable and everything that was was a body, it was matter, what could be seen and touched and experienced and decomposed
In fact, positivism was created in this spirit, which, of course, will be modified well later, but it was like this in the beginning
St. Simon was for a time the secretary of August Kent, and he was inspired by St. Simon, who had very socialist ideas and was one of the founders of socialist ideas
Which Proudhon later takes in a more extreme sense, that is, by anarchy, and in fact we know him as one of the fathers of anarchism
When he says what ownership is, he goes on to say that ownership is theft
He writes the book Poverty of Philosophy and then the Philosophy of Poverty, they borrow from Marx and have an academic dialogue
It is the middle of the 19th century and many good things happened, the revolution of 1848 happened
In general, the monarchy was established in France and the Second Republic was established
The war of 1870 takes place and again the story of Dreyfus and Emile Zola and I accuse and these things happen
The Socialists take over, forming the largest party, Jules Gesd, which was very impressive
Jean Jaurès is assassinated and French society is divided
In the late 19th century, in 1895, Durkheim wrote the rules of his sociological method, which is in fact a source for this method
Which is widely criticized and published in various editions
In any case, this sociology is available in this way and with Durkheim and the sociology of work and other very important books
Translated by Mr. Baqer Parham, sociology is in fact becoming an academic discipline
He enters the university by Durkheim and the students he educates
This was in France, in Germany there is Max Weber, there is Simmel, and then there are sociologists, including Tunisians, who write the book Society and Society
The book Society and Society is a very influential book in Germany, which is in fact a response to French sociology
Both of these books are critiqued, but they are good books of the period, both the economics and society of Max Weber and the society and society of Tunisia
So far it is about the sociology of positivism, at least until the end of World War I
The demagogues are being annihilated and some are dying in the war
The Center for Sociology moves from Europe to the United States, the School of Chicago is established, and then the Columbia School is transferred to Columbia University
And in Germany, after the Second World War, the Frankfurt School will be established, which we discussed yesterday
Well in the meantime, for the first time when I went to France in 1940, sociology was at its peak
Gurovich was the director of the group and was a first-rate professor of sociology, and sociology was a very popular science
See me because my time is short, it means my other life is coming to an end and time is very important to me
Usually my choice is that I do not pay attention to the subject of book sales at all
Of course, I would like the book to be sold and read, but this is not the first option for me
The first option for me is to raise this book of science in that field a little bit
Add a little to the knowledge of the community in that field, it has always been a policy
Add to the collective knowledge of the community and I think the reception that students, especially students who are from the book, receive from my book realized this point
Every book I chose was the first in its time, I translated the first book by Max Weber
At that time, that is, when I published this book, there was only one article by Ahmad Ashraf
Next was Raymond Boudon, the first book translated from Raymond Boudon entitled The Field of Social Action and Sociological Methods
None of Raymond Boudon’s numerous works had been published, but were later published and translated by several people, such as Mr. Aliabadi, who later translated several of Raymond Boudon’s books
I mean, all this was to strengthen the field of sociology at the university first, even though I am out of university
I’m trying to actually go up one step, halfway up sociology or political science, or now whatever subject I choose
For example, recently, when the issue of environment and global warming was raised, I translated the book Where to Land by Bruno Latour
It is a very accurate and beautiful book about the stupidity of the rulers who spend money at all
To convince people, for example, that issues with companies like Exxon Oil are false when they know it is true
To have more opportunity to use coal or other fossil fuel sources
They are not afraid of what will happen to the earth
That is, in that book, he wants to say that the field is no longer a passive actor. We can do whatever we want
The earth responds to us and the answer is hard and tooth-breaking, man does not know this
Not only humans but all creatures on earth must have the right to life
From germs to a Nobel laureate, it doesn’t matter, in nature all of this must be taken into account
Enough to see and observe the earth from Dubai, the earth has a critical area that is 25 kilometers
From the atmosphere to the depths of the oceans, this is our earth, we must devote all our energy to this critical region of the earth
I mean, when I see that these are important and I read these, I tell myself to share these with my compatriots
Because the word interest has so many meanings, I do not get any benefit from the material aspect
So there has to be another motivation, basically book work and translation, especially in recent years
It is facing a very financial crisis, which means that it is impossible to say who is to blame
Basically, it was only in the 1960s and after the revolution that people read books, that is, they were thirsty for learning
Then, little by little, the war ended, and we actually entered the era of business, that is, governments left everything and grief for businesses
The result was that books became the last commodity to be bought, and if someone needed to sell something, the first thing they sold was their books
And the last thing on the family basket may be a book, so you really have to have a lot of determination
To be able to follow this work for 30 years and actually invest his health in this way
However, you can see that I have worked on about 50 volumes of books ranging from 1000 pages to 800 pages, 700 and 600 pages and 200 pages
In other words, in the collection of work that I did in 30 years, I can almost say that I did not live any week of the year without my translation work
Wherever I went, I took my work with me
Because I had an unfinished college life, I tried to make up for it with a book
That is, I will regain what I lost there
That means keeping in touch with the university and the students, especially in my field
First, to serve my field, in a field where I spent two doctoral courses in France
You see, a person comes to life for something and has a purpose
And I think serving knowledge is the most valuable thing a human being can do
A person who has no material resources and can not employ people and live his life
At least he can with the help of knowledge, that is, with the benefit he has gained and the responsibility he first feels for himself
For example, he feels in front of his homeland and his compatriots, especially the youth
In fact, he chooses a policy and a way of life
I saw that the reflections of my books were good, that is, the feedback that came back to me when my book came out
For example, the book Global Struggle, which I translated during the same period of the Cultural Revolution and was published in 1961
The first edition was 5,500 copies and the second edition was 10,000 copies, 11,000 copies and 7 consecutive editions with 10,000 copies of books were published and sold
I mean, I try to keep the books up to date and myself up to date in my field and in my science, this is life and it has no other meaning
Translating a very complex world, you see, language has no boundaries at all
No one can say that I am fluent in one language, I am fluent in one language, such a thing is not possible at all
There are complexities in language that you will find something new no matter how far you go
I just want to say that in the translation, everyone suggested following a few principles, that one person should know the language of origin and destination and one should have a writing talent
These are good minimal tools, I advise buddies that if you open the page you want to translate for the first time
If you see that you have to go to the dictionary 10 times on a page and type in a word, please close the translation file right there.
But no, if you need to go once in 10 pages and consult a dictionary or search the internet
Then yes, go on, in 10 pages, once, not in 1 page, 10 times, well, that’s a point
The next issue is that two principles are important in language transmission
One is that you convey the spirit of the story and the meaning that the author had in mind to the target reader who is Persian-speaking
And here is the trust, this is where you now have to choose a unit for translation
Is this unit a word, a sentence or a paragraph, between a sentence and a paragraph ……, a word-for-word translation is not an option
And the other issue is the syntax of the language, you actually have to translate the syntax of French, the syntax of English into the syntax of Persian
That’s what the editors should do, basically
If a writer has a weakness in writing Persian and in terms of correctness, for example, the adjective is a verb
The adjective describes the noun, and if you move these, the verb becomes incomprehensible
Well, the experienced writers themselves observe these and associate the adverb with the verb
If it is otherwise, it means that they have translated a text that is acceptable
The task of the editor is to make this text syntactically in Persian, but not to interfere more than that
I mean, for example, if I give a text, the publisher inadvertently thinks that half of the names I gave are wrong and gives it another name, now I will not name it
Or, for example, I left solidarity, removed the solidarity that is for solitaire, left cooperative, which is for cooperative
If an editor does something like this, well, I can’t work with it, and I usually get my text back
In a word, the feedback of my own work, that is, the feedback of my own work, came back to me
I mean, when I saw that, for example, my research method book sold 5,000 copies in one semester
Without myself having even one class, it has reached its thirty-fifth, thirty-third edition and has sold more than 120,000 copies
This in itself motivated me to choose the right path
Or all my other books, I do not have a book that does not get repeated editions except one, two books that were either not well published or were not published on time and their time was up
Or there were several books in that field, but the rest of my books all reached the second and third editions in one or two years, and even the third edition
One I say this motivation and one I say it really sincerely and I have written many times that I always think that I have a trust
And I have a trust, and this trust comes first from the people of Iran, that is, before the taxes that the nation paid, and I went to study and reached a place in terms of knowledge
I have a duty to return this loan to the youth and students, this has always been my engine
One’s this, one’s good, what better way than to talk to top scientists in your field?
The translator is actually the best reader of the text, as others have said, and when you read the text
For example, when I translate Montesquieu’s note, or when I translate Victor Hugo’s sermon, or when I am translating Joseph Proudhon’s book
The moment I get my salary, the pleasure I get from my work in the moment and the knowledge, wisdom and wisdom that I see in these people and I enjoy them
That in itself is a reward, and it will keep me going
Now, after 1990, when I completely settled down at home and did not take a job abroad, no matter how much they called me, I did not accept them to teach and work
I always say that we have done enough, they should open the way for the youth
The young people I know personally in the field of sociology are really talented young people
But those who are now in the departments block the way for them, block them and prevent them from entering the university
That in itself is very unfortunate and this should be reconsidered
Young people who are well educated should study outside the university under the pretext of emigrating and go to different universities around the world
Unfortunately, we do not have a good critic and we are weak in this regard
Basically, I’m a recluse, meaning I’m less likely to attend unless I really need to
For example, it was the decade of the 80th year of social sciences and the congress organized by the Faculty of Social Sciences
Either one of these things happened when I went there or gave a speech, I did not have more than one or two speeches
Of course, recently and in the last few years, I went to Mashhad at the invitation of students, I went to Hamedan, but then I saw that no, it is very difficult for me to move
But I went for them and talked about my books and it was good
But basically I’m a retired person and I hate playing the role of a celebrity at all
I mean, I do not want to have that title at all, I like to sit in my corner and do my job with my own discretion and calmly
Yeah Al that sounds pretty crap to me, Looks like BT aint for me either
Then I realized that no, this has nothing to do with guidance and this is related to the Ministry of Science
Because every time I reached the final stage of the book of the year, Irshad rejected it and it has happened three times so far
My book has reached two books from which a choice must be made, because then they will call you to send a summary of the original book and biography
And when he got here and it happened to me three times, I saw that my name was crossed out in the 90th minute.
That’s why those who told me I was surprised, I saw that no, they sent me an invitation next week
I was told that there a panel of professors unanimously selected you
That is, they chose your collection of works as the country’s foremost and translator
This is what really happened, and now that you ask, I have to say this, I had completely forgotten that you mentioned it well.
Believe me it won’t be enough as much as I say what a laborious task it is
I read a small book I did recently, a 160-, 170-page book called Where to Land, 4 or 5 times myself, and I corrected the mistakes
Because, as you know, this is a job that should be done like a great publisher because it really has a lot of circulation and a lot of money
It takes them a while to get a professional debugger and sampler
When Mr. Jafari was in the new plan, I saw that they were reading Persian from left to right to realize the mistake
That is, if you read from the right, you will not notice that the sentence is wrong, but from the left, when you read the words to the right, you will notice that something has fallen out of the word and there is a typo
That is, they try carefully to make sure that the book is correct, we do not have a perfect book in Persian at all, this is impossible, no matter how much we make mistakes
Because this is the last time, for the fourth time, I read my book aloud to the mistakes that the typist has, that is, where I wrote and he wrote in, I wrote from and he wrote that
I mean, it’s a human error, the mistakes that the typist has made in the text, I understand them only by reading aloud
Because the appearance of the word is not wrong and only the sentence does not make sense when you read it
I also look at the original book and see that yes, I wrote in and he typed on, I wrote something else and he typed something else
That is to say, mistakes like this happen, it is that it is really done with a lot of effort and with a lot of time.
For example, it takes me a week to read a 160-, 170-page book carefully and make mistakes.
Regarding the translation of your service, I said that there are three principles, the source language, the target language, and the writing style
But I myself have set one next condition and that is that you give the right to the customer, in fact, respecting the right of the customer in the cartoon
Every union, doctor, lawyer and translator is obliged to observe this ontology in their profession
That is, they should not abuse the right of the customer, my client is my reader, so I have no right to deprive him of his right, that is, to deprive him of something.
That is, I have to do my best as much as I can, and I do it personally, that is, I feel guilty at all if I fail to do so
After 1 hour of walking in the morning and usually after breakfast I sit down to work in my room
And now I am translating the book Europe, from Myth to Reality, and I am working until 1 o’clock in the afternoon
Then I work again from 4 pm to 7 pm, I usually work in this order even now
And one book is not finished yet. I’m really looking at the next book for what it should be
Well now I have chosen one, two books from the internet and I have to order them to be brought to me from Europe or Canada or my daughters to buy and send them to me
I usually choose my books or from the tv cinq program which has a book review program on Wednesdays, if it is the subject of my work
Or I search the internet for the same publishers I know and read summaries of their latest books
But well, I can not do more than this, my eyes no longer allow, my hands do not allow, my back does not allow
And really, one of the diseases of being a writer is that the neck and eyes wear out quickly as a result of work
I can say that sociology has given me credibility and a name that is well known
Now more or less in Iran or if you search the internet, you will see that there are many references to my work
And the students and the professors who never saw me, that is, in the post-revolutionary period
And they teach all over the country, without knowing me in person, they select my books and teach and advise students
And that alone is enough for me, that is, he himself has moved forward and my efforts have not been wasted
It used to be good when I printed a book and the paper was empty
You open every book I have translated and read. You learn one thing: a sociology student has something to learn in all books
Well, the root of the difference can be in the personal experiences of the translator, which is very important
You see, I have already told you that in my adolescence I was a book worm and it’s very important to read a lot of books
That means, for example, at the ages of 12, 14, 15, 17, for example, you read more than 10, 15 thousand pages of books
Books that suited my age, even more than my age, novels for teens, and Persian translations I read
After I went to France, on the advice of my teacher Jean Studdzel, the first book he introduced to me was reading Jean Rousseff by Roman Roland in French
I read that book in French before Persian, I read the Thibaut family book before Mr. Abolhassan Najafi translated
I had read in French that he had won the 1937 Nobel Prize by Roger Martin Dugar, who was Aaron’s friend and who had been recommended by Aaron
That is, when we read these books in their original language, there was also a Persian translation of them
For example, the translation of Mr. Abolhassan Najafi’s Thibaut family is really a re-creation of the work
This does not smell of translation at all, which means that this book has been translated into Persian really masterfully
And in this sense, reading helps a lot in writing, which means that if you have a unit of 10, you spend 7, 8 units reading and 3 units writing
Reading is very important and I still read every night, now that I work during the day, my study time is at night and I read a book every hour or two every night
I read books I brought with me from my travels or books I plan to translate later while working
For example, right now, last night I was reading Amin Maalouf’s book, The Century of Civilizations, written in 2019
Since I have already translated three of his books and I am familiar with his language and life, believe me, I started reading at 11 o’clock and suddenly saw that at 4:20 AM
The order of my life was not changed at all that day, I did not understand the passage of time at all and suddenly I realized that it is 4:20 in the morning and since 11 o’clock I could not put this book down
This is also a disease, of course, and I do not recommend it to anyone because one really gets sick very quickly
One should try not to have this conflict, that is, meaning should not be sacrificed for beauty
It is necessary to preserve the maximum meaning because it is important meaning and then express it in a beautiful form
That the reader understands with the first reading and does not have to read again to understand what you want to say
I usually try to edit the sentences of my writings as I read them once
I see that if I change the place of a word, it reads better and is more accurate in meaning, so I try to do that
But sometimes in that first writing sometimes does not happen and finally the text is in front of you and you write
But in the re-reading that you distance yourself from the work and read it aloud and see the echo of the language, you notice corrections
Personally, I personally believe in the echo of words in my mind in Persian
Because in fact Persian is a very pleasant language and you can write it correctly
And especially where it requires and you want to do the right thing, the content will be very good and well-tuned
It is, in fact, the return of one culture to another, but preserving the spirit of the writer
You see, every writer is different from each other, for example, I just read a piece from Aaron for you
It is true that they are the culture of the French language, but in the French language itself the writers are different
Raymond Boudon writes one way, Raymond Aron writes another way, Studzel writes another way, and for example another writer writes another way
Each one writes in the same way, or for example Amin Maalouf, Amin Maalouf always writes with one kind of feeling, the Lebanese Christian Arab, that is, with his own Eastern background
You know that the countries of the Mediterranean coast were told that it was in the east, it grew up with this culture and this is reflected in his writings
I’m not in a position to answer, so incidentally there is a point in the book Human Factor that I mentioned about this problem
See there is always a protocol and instructions for everything, suppose the translation instructions you have to follow these rules
For example, a brain surgeon must have this protocol, a dentist must have these protocols at work
This is a protocol, once you are in the realm of action, you are the translator behind it
The rules that exist, not all of them can be implemented here, that is, you are faced with an unexpected and unprecedented situation and situation here
That you have to solve the problem, for example, I am confronted with a word that I see at that moment in Persian the exact word does not come to my mind
Or in Persian we do not have an equivalent for that word at all, in my opinion, so what am I doing here?
Here I come and somehow I actually get away from fiduciary and sacrifice fiduciary
And instead of one word, I make two synonyms to help the reader understand it
Well, the eloquence decreases, but when it is close to the meaning, I have helped the reader to understand the content
From this point of view, this is the case for all disciplines, for the surgeon, the dentist and the driver while driving
No matter how good your driving skills are, one time the road creates something that you have to decide immediately and in seconds to solve that problem
And this is where the application of intelligence comes into play, which is sometimes comforting and sometimes catastrophic
Concerning the humanities, I do not say that because it is my discipline, it is generally believed in world cultures that human beings are when it comes to knowledge
This is not a small issue because this human being is a multi-layered, multidimensional and multi-hour creature that is specialized for every corner
His body and physiology are the subject of several sciences, even one member is the subject of several specialties
His eyes, ears, heart, brain have different specialties, this is physiological
And psychologically, psychologically and psychoanalytically, this subject has become different specialties
And then this man works, this man is the organizer, this man works politics
For the management and administration of society, these are all both science and technology in their time
So you see, the subject is so worthy of attention, that is, no matter how much we pay attention to the humanities
It is better to know its value, to give it a chance and not to obstruct or censor it
But what kind of service do we do to human beings by censoring, for example, the findings and research of the humanities?
After all, this is reality and it does its job, we come and seemingly hide it and ignore it.
For example, the same environmental issue, you look at how many years and decades scientists have noticed global warming
And warn, these greenhouse gases, but there are benefits that
Deliberately, even though they know it, but because their material benefit does not require it, they must use coal and fossil fuels
And they actually spend billions of dollars to make people ignorant and come and say no, these issues do not exist
As the author reveals in my most recent book, Exxon spends billions of dollars trying to tell people that
No, none of this happened and we still have to dig and extract.
After all, whether we like it or not, we have to change our lifestyle with this earth
We can no longer trade with the land as before, the land is a partner, it reacts to our actions
That is, we should not think that whatever we did, no matter how much garbage and plastic we produced, nothing happened to the earth
No, it’s coming back to us and it ‘s coming back now and we’re seeing that right now
And in the coming decades we will feel this very strongly, you see, in my opinion, three principles are very important for the current government of any country
They must devote most of their energy to these three principles: education, health, and the environment
These three principles must be at the top of the agenda, and the rest of the work can be left to the people themselves
But these three principles must be able to be implemented by the government with popular institutions for excellence
It doesn’t go down, the poles move, look at World War II that started
More than 70% to 80% of French academics, especially sociologists, perished on the front
That is, they became martyrs of the war, Durkheim lost his son in the first year of World War I, that is, Durkheim broke his back
That is, his son was martyred on the Bulgarian front, then all the students Durkheim had raised at the Sorbonne
Most of them perished in the war, or because some of these sociologists, like Durkheim himself, were Jewish, all perished at Auschwitz
Or some of them immigrated to the United States and some of them returned after the war and some stayed.
That is, the Center for Sociology moved from Europe to the United States, and that school of Chicago and field studies that peaked a lot.
Sociology ranked sixth out of 100 jobs in terms of social status
That is, in surveys that asked the public about jobs and respect for jobs and the value of jobs
Sociology was in sixth place, as stated in my book Stratification and Social Inequalities
And maybe now this rank is lower, but I want to say that he also had a reason
Because American society was involved in the war and faced many internal crises, multiculturalism, and immigration, and that was its problem
For example, the Polish peasantry, the community on the street corner, and the great research that was done at that time all showed this
First it was the Chicago School, then it was transferred to Columbia University, it existed but it went down well.
Subsided, and again a number of critical sociologists came to the fore and tried to point out the shortcomings and superficiality of American sociology
And so in the most practical sociological country, one of the most sociological theorists, Talcott Parsons, emerged
That is, one wonders that in a society where they did all the field and practical work
One comes to the forefront in the theory of all previous theorists
Of course, it should be said that Parsons himself studied in Europe and grew up in the school of Max Weber.
He received his doctorate from the University of Heidelberg, and when he returned he was the first to translate Max Weber in French into English.
And he started his career in the medical profession, for example, how to be a doctor, as a doctor, and as a father.
Two people are different, he analyzed that if this doctor treats his own child, he is no longer a father.
Here he is, a doctor, doing the same thing to him as he did to another person, these were Talcott Parsons’ initial investigations
Well, the Chicago School is very different in every way, the Frankfurt School was actually a school where left-wing sociologists were
They were created by Marcuse and Adorno and others, and the last of them was Habermas, who is one of the sociologists of this school
Is Habermas alive?
Yes, he is alive and he also came to Iran during the dialogue of civilizations during the time of Mr. Khatami and at the invitation of Mr. Mohajerani, I myself participated in that conferenc
They created a school that was very brilliant, that is, really in sociology, even though German society was in turmoil.
After World War II and with that background of arts, musicians, poets, writers and theorists before World War II and with this very long history
And these sociologists were able to create a very prominent center that attracted a lot of attention and had an impact
That is, an influential center in sociology, the Frankfurt School, emerged
The Chicago School was a school that was about applied sociology of urbanism, about urban issues
You see, the roots of this must be seen in another way. I said that in that war of 1870, Germany and Prussia won
And took Alsace-Lorraine from France, it remained a scarred bone that France was always looking to regain what they had lost.
But well, it took a while and led to World War I.
The first war eventually led to the defeat of Germany and the imposition of very heavy reparations on Germany
Incidentally, one of the people who came to the negotiations was Max Weber as Germany’s representative to the Treaty of Versailles who wanted to settle the war.
Imposition of heavy compensations for Germany and inflation in Germany and in that period, ie from 1925 to 1932
Which later led to the victory of Hitler’s National Socialist Party in 1933 left Germany terribly unemployed.
In other words, the inflation was such that he wrote the story of Aaron, who happened to have gone to Germany for a period of one year that year and witnessed it.
That is, he witnessed the victory of Hitler’s National Socialist Party that night
They broke the windows of shops, which is known as the Crystal Night
Or the book-burning ceremony in Berlin that burns all the books of the great
The same students and professors participate in the book burning festival with cheers and joy, this is not about us really
This was unpredictable, but what happened was the mistakes that Britain and France actually made in appeasing Hitler.
This hand, the hand that made it work here, could be avoided in some way
But the procrastination they made, which is why Raymond Boudon happens to be in the game theory, suggests that the role played by Hitler
For example, with the invasion of Poland and the capture of Austria, all this was a warning, but everyone thinks that no, it is nothing and nothing happened, but then we saw what happened
I can say that there is a very strong critique of the sociology of France at that time
This sociology was strongly influenced by the Durkheim school and its students
Durkheim had so much authority, prestige and grandeur with the books he wrote and created with his own personal life
And the students he raised, we seldom heard the names of other sociologists in their language
Unless Gurovich, who was originally Russian and himself the secretary of Lenin’s party during the revolution, later emigrated and gradually came to Germany
And then he studied in France and became French. When I was studying in France in 1960, he was the director of the sociological department of Soren
It is from the time of Gurovitch that we are more or less with Simmel and Max Weber and German sociologists, a language that was not discussed at all elsewhere
They are also very short, no more than 2, 3 hours, they mention them
Which were all in the context of Marcel Mousse, Durkheim’s niece, his theories and Durkheim’s sociology
Later, of course, comes the sociology of Raymond Budon, who studied in the United States
It transforms sociology, that is, this time it introduces mathematics into sociology in a different way
Until then, sociology was completely descriptive and qualitative, but now it comes here and it becomes experimental and survey and it is measured
And numbers and figures and calculations and the good dimension of the computer also helps and spss software comes
But it also has its limitations, and then they realize that paying so much attention to the method is a little harmful and does not get us anywhere
Then there is Raymond Budon, who tries to combine quantitative and qualitative methods
And then there is the importance of qualitative methods, and you know very well that sociology is the same, it critiques itself, it comes forward, it critiques and it comes forward
I said that science goes on two legs, theory and criticism, theory is necessary, criticism is also necessary that science is up to date
The same is true in physics, you look at physics, you get new theories of physics every 10 years, the life of a physical theory is a maximum of 10 years
Well, I do not have much authority to discuss this right now because I’m really out
I am apparently out of the academy right now and have limited myself to a few books
And from the point of view of these, I can not give a general and comprehensive opinion
But I see that sociology is like a phoenix that always rises from its ashes
That is, it burns and really rises from its ashes and takes on a new life again.
New sociologists are emerging, and it continues to be so, overall it is a discipline that has something to say
Because the subject is human, and now they have realized that it is no longer monolithic, that is, it is not enough to look at the human subject from one angle
That is, you consider the issue of work, which is one of the main dimensions of modern life
You have to consider this from a psychological and physical point of view, measure the fatigue of the work
Measure the ergonomics, the dimensions of the body with the tools, the same chair that we are sitting on now. Ergonomic studies have been done on which we can sit comfortably
If these studies were not ergonomic, that is, inconsistent with body dimensions, we would be immediately injured
These are new sciences that are entering sociology, that is, sociology is opening up to them
And interdisciplinary, and now research is not just one-dimensional research, it is multidimensional and multi-hour
And these are the ones that different experts should work together to do research in the field of sociology
I once said that the philosophy of the womb is sociology
You see, most of this book starts from the beginning, from philosophy, that is, from the same philosophy of ancient Greece
From the time of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle to the later period and the Middle Ages, all social thought is introduced in philosophy.
That is, it is the same and it does not matter, it is not just called sociology but social thinking that you see in Plato
You see in Aristotle, you see in Thomas Aquinas, and you come to Machiavelli and so on
All of these have political sociological ideas until we reach the 19th century
And August Kent, who coined the word, who was stubborn because it was called social physics.
Then there is a book in Belgium called Statistics of Social Physics, then August Kent changes it so as not to confuse it with that book.
The name sociology, which has two Latin and Greek roots, Saussus and Logos, takes these and sticks them together
And in Iran, in 1316, the living memory of Dr. Sedighi proposed the term sociology instead of social science to the first academy and was approved
And sociology finds this formal course
Here, in my opinion, every sociology student should be aware of philosophy
Because most contemporary sociologists now have a philosophical approach to their work, the sociologists we have recently identified as social thinkers rather than sociologists
Their work has more philosophical significance, which means that we can not study sociology and ignore the work of contemporary philosophers
Of course, there are boundaries, the goal and subject of philosophy is one thing, and sociology is another
But that philosophy raises the issue in another dimension, with another goal whose purpose is to apply and organize at all.
And it is not a plan to present to society, a philosopher never comes to organize a plan of what to do for social insurance, for example.
Or what to do for the future of retirees, how to organize education for children
This is not the work of a philosopher, but the philosopher expresses his views on the purpose of education and the like in the matter of education
That is, of course, their frameworks are different, but they should use each other well, more sociologists than philosophers.
Sociology was very, very much in one period, and well, there were many exceptions
Which led to the French Revolution of May 1968, which began with the Sociological Centers and Departments of the University of Nanterre
Which then expanded and lasted 1 month, and then the union of students and workers began
They later saw that this was a false alliance and later separated. The academy in France changed completely after the Revolution of 1968
The core of the Sorbonne University split into 10 universities
Political sociology is one of the lessons of sociology, that is, we have industrial sociology, we have cities, we have villages, we have art
We also have a sociology of politics, this sociology of politics is the subject of the book I have on this, and it is actually one of the best sources for political sociology
Discusses civil rights, discusses the functioning of the government, discusses elections
Discusses political systems, what is the difference between a totalitarian system and a liberal democratic system?
What are the differences between government in totalitarianism and in democratic and parliamentary systems?
اAnalyzes these, never commands what should be, says this
This is the characteristic of totalitarian leaders, and it is similar in different societies, but with differences
It also discusses examples of a parliamentary system, including government performance, government decisions, and how lobbies work
Debates how government-influenced lobbies’ decision may lead to budget shifts
Look at our budget right now, big budgets are spent on things that have no return on society
So we examine this function and decision of the government, the decision-making mechanism in the state apparatus in our political sociology
Which is completely different from the philosophy of law and the philosophy of politics
That is, philosophy has a different view
Political sociology focuses entirely on citizenship rights; in citizenship rights we have a civil right
Which is based on the political right, the right to participate and the right to social insurance
And it examines these one by one and defines citizenship rights
And the elected rule of law is obliged to actually observe these, this is the issue of political sociology.
Cohesion in social thought is itself a proposition that defines its meaning
That is, we cannot express a theory in vain
Theory presents itself in a context that can well capture a certain amount of psychoanalysis.
Some sociologists are interested in psychoanalysis, such as the influence of Freud and others
Others take this context from the philosophy of the brain itself, from Heidegger and others.
This is where we can connect the circles, that is, see if there are two schools
They are different in their view of things, but among them come thinkers who connect the two
There is a bridge between these two schools, we can give solidarity to these, that is, there must be a connection for sociology to grow
I do not have much in mind right now, but recent sociologists have raised issues in everyday social life
They have all used the Chicago School, the Frankfurt School, Durkheim’s teachings, and Marx in particular
That is, no one came to build a theory in vain, it was always on a bed of past roots.
Part07
It can be said that perhaps there is a lot of difference, basically imagination is the main factor of progress, discovery and invention
I do not deny this, that is, it is not fantasy at all, neither science nor literature can be realized, everyone is realized in fantasy
I have a book called The Story of the Atom, which, although not in my field, I translated with interest
I did it for myself to learn, this is a very pure science book
Pursues atomic theories from the beginning to the quark problem
There, for example, we see that most theories about the atom are imagined and imagined for those scientists for a moment
For example, seeing a drop of water or its shape, a spark is ignited and a theory comes to mind
And he goes after it and does the experiment, he sees that a theory is coming up based on this idea
Imagination plays a very important role both in literature and poetry and in science
Now, besides, well, in life you have to step on the hard ground and walk
And know that in everyday life there are needs
You are not alone, there is a family, you are responsible for them, they are your wife and children
These are things that always count, that’s why you observe them but in moderation
That means you do not have to sacrifice everything, for example, to gain a position or money
You try to live a balanced, honorable and respectful life for yourself
Basically, I would like say, Mr. Anvar, it is better to live in old age with a full head and an empty pocket than with a full pocket and an empty head
Live so that after death, your children will be proud of your name, not of your wealth
I have to say this in such a way that you see we have an opinion and an attitude and a way of behaving
My behavior is fixed, the attitude and behavior is the bedrock of ideas
That is, you have a framework and principles, based on those principles, based on the information you receive from the outside
You make ideas from books, radio and television, and everywhere else
The opinion may change, but that context and attitude will remain stable
For example, you believe that you should vote for someone in the election who has these principles
Not being violent, for example, is not violent at home with his wife and children, is not hypocrisy and bribery and …
You select a person this way, then a news is spread, something is leaked that you see, this person is not what you are looking for
Your opinion of him changes, but your attitude towards the truth and correctness of a human being remains the same.
I want to say that it is possible, for example, that my beliefs and those of everyone else have changed over time
But the bed on which these ideas are based is, first of all, patriotism, love of language
And respect for the great people who have served for this country, such as Ferdowsi, Rumi, Hafez, Saadi and the like.
They all respect me, that is, I enjoy and really admire when I open their book with respect, when I read Nezami
I read Attar, I admire him and I am glad that I was born in a culture that had these great people.
And they did this service for us with the conditions of that time, and we have to improve what we got and pass it on to the next generation
This means that this religion of the past and responsibility for the future must always be alive in us
And if people cultivate this in themselves, I think society will automatically improve
I basically believe that I have never personally claimed to change these
I am satisfied as much as I can do good deeds in the radius of my hand and I am very thankful for my game that I do not hurt people by force
Many books have been written about this, but Mr. Khatami’s proposal was very well received at that time
It was a good idea and to some extent our relations with neighboring countries were very good
We remember the best relations with Arab countries like Saudi Arabia that we had during the Khatami era
That the summit that was held in Iran was in the same summit building that was just opened at that time
And they opened the wrap and the Arab princes came and the building was not ready yet and it was snowing and the roof of the hall was dripping
And these Arab princes came out and saw the snow for the first time in their lives
I remember we did a poll about that, it was the first years of my poll, and I did a poll about the same summit in Ira
Well, you see, thinkers are moving forward based on their own backgrounds. For example, Fukuyama’s book is published here in the United States with a very high circulation.
Which reported on the clash of civilizations and came to the conclusion that this is more real
Then there is the 9/11 issue, which turns the page on history before 9/11 and after 9/11.
And we see that the areas of freedom and civil rights are increasing day by day in the world
Even more, in the twentieth century, when virtually all struggles were for social security, it was for social security rights.
It was for retirement and health insurance, it was for free education, now we see that all of this is being questioned one by one
This is the crisis these days in France, which wants to change the pension law
The same pension law that when Mr. de Gaulle put the Fifth Republic to a referendum in 1946
His first focus was on social security, starting to expand this social security step by step
First they started with the workers, then during the Jiskar period they reached out to the priests and prisoners
Even these were covered by social security, even prisoners, meaning the law progressed step by step over 40 years
And those who were not under this umbrella were brought under this umbrella
Now, one by one, they are evicting them, one by one, they are betting on what the person who is insured should look like
They turned free education into paid education
Throughout the twentieth century, if you follow the 1920s when Leon Bourgeois was the architect of this social solidarity project
He said that our generation owes the previous generation and owes the next generation
The past has created for us the things we use, the road, the building, the hospital, the university, and everything else.
We enjoy the gift of the work of the past, we have a duty to pass it on to the next generations.
It is the mindset of social solidarity that the present generation is responsible for the last two generations and the next generation
This brilliant mindset has now been called into question and Mr. Macron is reconsidering it
The retirement age was 60, which they did 62.5 years later, 65 years, and now it is 67 years
You have to work more, get less, all retirees have to work while they work
Put money in pension funds and save there
Later, when they retire, the government pays 25 to 30 percent of their pensions.
۵۰ They also get 50% from outside, which means they can get 70% of their salary during their retirement
This is going to happen, but insurance and pension funds are working well on trade and debt
That is, the number of people who are insured and the number of people who receive a pension from this fund
When a law is passed, for example, the time of Mossadegh when this law was passed in Iran
Well, 10 people paid premiums and even 1 person did not get it until 10 years had passed
And this money should be accumulated there, and from the tenth year, people with 10 years of experience, then with 20 years of experience, would receive insurance premiums.
When I was a consultant at the Social Security Administration and worked at the Higher Institute for Social Security Research
In the first year, 3 people received a pension for every 7 people
When I came out after 10 years, for every 10 people, there were 5 people and then there were 7 people who received pensions
Then unemployment insurance was added to it, then even though it is 30% of the premium received in the country
It is said here that this is very, very high and no employer is willing to pay their workers’ insurance premiums
And it certainly escapes the burden of paying this, over and over again when I was lecturing to employers during my time in the Social Security Administration
I was always expected to confirm what they said and when I said, something contrary, they were very discouraged
I used to say that social security insurance is really the price of social security, if we want to have security in society
Workers also mean those who have no capital other than labor to offer in production, they must also be safe
When you do not grant them this pension, we certainly get into trouble
All this was said, but it is good for an employer to willingly and willingly insure the worker he wants to hire on the first day
They came to sign 90- or 89-day contracts that were not covered by the insurance law
Either they were expelled after 80 days or they signed a new contract with them again
This means that everyone is fleeing from law enforcement, but this is not enough for them
Whenever the government ran out of money, it would withdraw and withdraw and spend from the workers’ premium fund
He then transferred his bankrupt factories to the Shasta organization, the companies of the Social Security Organization.
These are the bankrupt factories that the government owed its debts to the Social Security Administration
It was once said that the breadwinner of the family, the son of the father’s cane, all this was broken
The child is no longer the cane of the father, the father must be the cane of the child in this period
This means that now, if in those traditional families the parents do not roll up their sleeves, the children will not have to pay for their own marriage
They do not have the cost of providing their own housing because they do not have a job with this high proportion
That is to say, those slogans are distorted, in fact, the father can no longer be solely responsible for the family expenses
Now the woman also works, when the woman achieves economic independence, it is not good to keep her as before
You can’t tell him to take your salary and put it in a man’s bowl, no, that’s not the case
It is equality, that is, at least civil rights are claimed
And you see that now the situation of female students in the humanities is 64%
Well, you can not be in a university where more than 60% are girls
Then go out and sit in the corner of the kitchen and just wash the old dishes and have children
No, they want equal rights and participation like any other human being
And some are much, much better than men at what they do
As we see in the world now, look around us now
In a few countries, women have the management, leadership, and leadership of society, and they do so very well.
First of all, perhaps the existence of cyberspace and the easy things that can be achieved there and the major time spent on it has diminished the paper book
Well, you see, there is an algebra of time and it cannot be done by force
Now when I translate, I say, oh my God, how did I translate 20, 30 years ago when there was no internet?
Because the first problem I encounter is I go to Google, I search on Google
That is to say, bilingual, multilingual culture books are gradually becoming obsolete, which means that they really should be a part of the decor
There is no one who opens a book of a thousand or two thousand pages or a 20-volume period
Rarely, unless the conditions are very, very special, otherwise you will find them all on Google
He did some culture books for us, myself when I came to this house
I forgave the 50-volume volume of Dehkhoda because I did not have space, I had given it more than the price of the book and they had bound it.
But I saw that I had no place and I prepared the book instead. The culture of Dehkhoda became a CD and I will use it if necessary.
Well, that’s all changing, but I still recommend reading books, especially novels
The novel is one of the pillars of sociology, meaning that a sociology student must read classical novels
Of course, it might be a great expectation to say that someone will read Marcel Proust’s 10-volume Lost Times translation of the Nebula
No, no one can read 4, 5 thousand pages, now it is really difficult, I can rarely read it myself, I did not read it all, I read some paragraphs and parts of it
But there are a lot of novels that I think students should read, both Iranian novels and translations of foreign novels
These are among the human treasures and reserves, we must make this human heritage from ourselves.
We can not be indifferent to Roman Roland, to our great poets who now have their place in the world
I read the Iliad and the Odyssey of Exquisite Translation long ago and at the time it was published
And Dante’s divine comedy, we have to make these a part of our culture
No one can remember today making an intellectual claim, but of course I do not know what the intellectual means and is unaware of this human treasure
All illegal acts are done in the name of the law, we should seek the rule of law, not the rule of law
You see, the law has always been like this since the time of the Russian Revolution. For example, when Lenin came to power, the jurists wrote a law for whatever he wanted to do.
They wrote the law and brought it to him, then he would go up and down so much and open a comment, and finally he would write cooperation with the world bourgeoisie
To send his opponents to exile or to prison or execution, that is, to carry out their illegal activities in the name of the law
In this way, the law is always changed by the law, that is, the law is an institution that has not been changed until the law itself has changed it.
Now, 40 years after our revolution, we have many laws that were passed before the revolution and are in force and are being implemented
Until a law is passed to repeal that law, these are the conditions of the law
What is important is a law-abiding government that acts on the basis of citizenship rights, which include social rights, political rights, and civil rights.
That is, to recognize these, to know that everyone has a political right
And what is that? To change the ballot box and the rulers, not to choose, but to change
And enjoy the right to security, social security, job security, health security
I have been insured for 50 years, but I did not use insurance for anything but eye surgery
No, it does not supply my medicines at all, which means that apparently we have insurance, but everything is one-sided.
Love is what we call self-sacrifice
You no longer try to have benefits on the issue of love, you do not throw abacuses
You do it because you think it’s a principle and a value and you have to do it
Now materially or spiritually or intellectually or any humanly
It is a kind of empathy, sympathy and solidarity that you first feel with your compatriots, neighbors, family, as well as with humanity in general
That is, you should not be indifferent to the fate of man
You ask very difficult questions, meaning that these simple questions are always difficult, easy to avoid
Well, a part of life is a reality that is normal
First of all, the goal I set for myself is, for example, to limit myself to translation for now
Because this is the best and most positive thing I can do right now in the short time of my life.
That I should spend my time well and come up with a good book
After that, well, I know I have to be healthy to be able to do this
I made a mistake at one time, that is, at one point I did not realize this and I worked very hard
For example, I thought that if I went to the mountains once a week, I would see no, then I would have a very, very severe back pain
With the effort of several sessions of chiropractic and heavy physiotherapy and doing exercise on the floor of the same carpet
I was able to sit again, I could not sit at all, I regained my health and I have been careful ever since
Now if I show, in the last 7 or 10 days or even the last 1 month, I walked 9 to 10 thousand steps a day
And I try to be carful eating, eat less and eat healthy things
These are all points that I have to create in myself and pass on to my family so that I can have the same production, otherwise it will not work.
Happiness exists in man himself, in conscience, nowhere outside
And I believe that you have to share the happiness and joy when you have it
Because they are like knowledge, by dividing they multiply, there won’t be less
Well, some things are like bread, when you divide it is halved, but happiness, knowledge and wisdom are added when you divide it.
Now you know, he knows, you divide and 4 others know
This explanation of knowledge, happiness and joy should be part of human method and character
And if you divide the griefs, they will decrease, that is, sharing the griefs will reduce it
Because you find empathy, and you increase it by sharing happiness, this is my philosophy of life that I follow
Trump’s election really surprises me, that is, in American society with those universities
And with those Nobel Prizes in Economics and the Nobel Prizes that most countries have won
Despite the Internet and the software it has exported to the world and taken over the whole world
Choosing someone like Trump who knows neither the history of the world nor understands at all what America’s responsibility to the world is
Only to plunder the world again, he creates disorder everywhere
You see, all the problems we have now are the result of his wrong choices, not just ours
It has created problems for the environment, it has created problems for its neighbors
It has the same problems with China, it has the same problems with Europe, just a few days ago NATO had the same problems
Look at the wrong choice that 1% of the world’s population, the Florida people, made to get elected, has left the world in such a mess
The closest to me, of course, is my wife, my children are in the first place and then family friends
My students are very close to me, that is, students who were not even my students
But those who have known me through my books come and go a lot.
It is always open to them in our house and both my wife and I feel happy with them.
Many of these students solve their problems in our house, now this female student behind you, Mahdokht
He was a student in Arak and lived in a dormitory
He came to me for counseling, I was not his teacher and he is studying at Tarbiat Modares University
But from the day she came to me, she became the daughter of our family, she eats lunch here
my wife also provided food, fruit and sweets for all his roommates and we took him by car to his dormitory.
And we encouraged him so much that he is now a professor at Concordia University in Montreal
I mean, we had this relationship with a city girl who came here only as a student and for counseling
Although I was neither his mentor nor I could be, I was not allowed to leave Tarbiat Modares University at all.
However, the first day I was cleansed, Mr. Mohammad Tavakol invited me to go there
The sociology group had just been set up there and I was one of the professors there, but I said no, I will not come
I mean, this is not just one person, there are several people, a student that I see as talented and really successful, I help as much as I can
Well, I want to say that I put sociology first in the service of myself, my family, and my relationships with friends.
That is, first, I had sociological knowledge in managing my family and relationships with friends
That is, I realized that solidarity is the key to a so-called good society, intergenerational solidarity and ultra-generation solidarity
I said I always look to the past, to all the poets of the past
In any case, I consider myself responsible for all those who contributed to building this society
And well, then this heritage has reached us and we have it, now look at these highways that our generation has built and will deliver them to the next generation.
We have hospitals, universities and all that, so we have a responsibility to keep it all well
We have hospitals, universities and all that, so we have a responsibility to keep it all well
The capital of a country is mainly its young generation and I am not saying only the educated, basically the young generation
And those who have had this academic opportunity are more responsible
They should always have this religion towards those who did not have this chance and this luck
Although they were their counterparts, he did not allow other deprivations to allow them to go to university, and they felt the same responsibility towards them
I think about death a lot, I said that I always have a sentence to say
As much as life is a matter of chance, a matter of credit and a matter of temporality, death is a definite, definite and eternal thing
Death is a daily thing for me, now it is a 4, 5 year perspective depending on my age
But you see, I sat down with this vivacity and I speak to you with this vivacity
The conclusion is that I have a kind of self-confidence that the way I went in the past was not wrong.
I do not regret the past of my life, I do not have in my mind the mistake of considering myself subject to a kind of torment of conscience
That’s why my wife is here now and you see our relationship
We are the fifty-eighth year of our life together, and if we are unaware of each other for half an hour, we will miss each other and become anxious
I really always think I know nothing, but sometimes when I read my books
I’m surprised that oh, this is what I wrote, this is what I translated? And I’m really happy about that
But I never make a claim on myself, I hate the role that has been called a celebrity lately
I mean, I never take on such a role at all, for example, to be a mentor and a role model
I was not looking for these things at all in life, we have a group of close and real and in fact very pure friends who are just friends without any further expectations
I said think pessimistically, act optimistically, I have no optimism about the situation
For example, everything gets better overnight, but I do not lose hope
I said to myself that I work and as much as I can and the best thing I do and if I have something to say
I try to translate a written book that is available or write an article
Of course, I am not writing an article right now because I do not have the opportunity and it takes a lot of time and it does not have any reflections or readers
But my book does not regret it, it is true that the number of readers of the book has decreased, but it is read well over time
For example, none of my books have been reprinted except for a few books
But all the others have been reprinted 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 30 times and have been read in the same bad market with a circulation of 120,000 to 40,000, 50,000 or 15,000
From this point of view, I do not have any expectations and I said that I will try to offer the loan I had
I wrote from 1320 to 1354, then because of a few books that came up and found urgency, such as the books of Amin Maalouf that I wanted to translate
And that book, The History of Sociological Thoughts, took time, and I still see books that it is a pity that I do not write them and then sit down and work on my own memoirs
Now you all have my memories, fortunately I am comfortable and I no longer need to write memoirs
Because you said everything I knew with these 15, 20 hours you recorded
And I have nothing more than that, my memories were the ones I told your service frankly and honestly
But there are details and details that I think are important to say so that they can be taught to others
For example, I said that during my time as the group director, the group held its master’s degree exams
At the same time, a student had left Rasht, from my father, who also knew my morals, and I do not recommend the order of the work to these letters
He had seen the commercial director of the city and had mediated and brought him to my father
He had embarrassed her and written a letter of recommendation to the young man saying that yes, this son of Flanya
Well, the first one was rejected, I did not talk to my father about this for 3 years at all
Why do you write this letter of recommendation because you know your son?
I did not talk to my father for 3 years, these are points that I did not write in my first memoirs
In order not to offend my father’s soul, but I saw that I have to write now, these people teach, these people introduce me, which I told you right now
I always think that if I have been lazy at work for a while or, for example, my time
And I almost do not give a chance for such a thing to happen, that is, I really try
But there are times when you miss and you can work for a few days or you are tired or you can not work for any reason
But I try not to let it happen, I lived in a regular period and I still live regularly, especially in these 30, 40 years after retirement and cleansing
I tried to work harder and well, translation is really time consuming, of course, what I do
You have to see my room, I sometimes write a page 3, 4 times with a pencil to satisfy my memory as the first reader
I mean, that professional ethic that I told you about is in me and it is always awake
I mean, I never try to say lightly, very well, the reader reads twice and understands, no
I try to be as hard on myself as possible and do my job right
Fortunately, it has very good feedback and the readers of my books always thank me when they come to me
I advise you to study well, go step by step and step by step, do not think that reading this lesson will make you rich, no
Read the basics well, read the theoretical sociology step by step well
Read theories and applications well, when it goes well, it will definitely work
The reason they do not get the job is that they do not know anything, they do not learn anything
And they only pass the unit and after the class, at the beginning of the exam, they are looking for a discount for this, sir
Basically, the reason I left the university after a few years was because after all this hard work
The student tries to close the class as soon as possible, trying to cut less than half of what he has read, which is just one tenth of what he has to read
These kinds of values must be returned to the university, the student must be a student, he must learn more than what is asked of him
He has to be fond of our classical literature, he has to learn the language correctly and learn through literature
Learn from our classical literature, he should be familiar with Shahnameh and Rumi, he should be familiar with Attar, Saadi and Hafez
He has to do all this himself to become an Iranian student so that he can speak in the world, otherwise without these, nothing
Well, I always think about these few days that you came and I said to myself, God, what effort did you give to this man?
I really wish you success in doing a project of this magnitude.
I know I will not be 10, 5 years from now, but these will be, and I know many will use them
Nikoghar will get to know your program and video recordings better through this channel
And I did not have any censorship in my speech with you, that is, I did not have what you thought I had in mind and I did not say it for the sake of expediency
You have seen and witnessed this, because I believe in the historical value of your work in the future
As for the others you will be interviewing in the future, I ask them to talk to you again
Talk about what they think, do not be expedient because of the profit and loss of one day, two days and Sanar and thirty shahs
Truth and reality are the most valuable and important of all, and Iran must remain and consider Iran’s future.
Consider the future of the young generation, these are all my concerns, what more can I really say!